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Gerunds, alsocalled ‘-ingforms’ ,can be used not only as verbs but also as adjectivesandnouns.When ‘-ingforms’ used as a verbor an adjective,theyarecalled as ‘presentparticiples’ andwhenused as a noun,wegenerallycalledthem as ‘gerunds’. • Thegerund can be used: • 1-As thesubject of a verb • 2-As theobject of a verb • 3-As theobject of a preposition • 4-After a possessiveorthepossessive form of nouns • 5-Aftercertainverbs
1-When a gerund is used as thesubject of verb,it is placed at thebeginnig of a sentence. • Ex: Readingromanticnovels is myfavouritepasstime. • Smokingis hazardoustohealth. • Walkingfromheretothesupermarkettakesonlyfiveminutes. • 2-When a gerund is used as theobject of a verb,in a sentence it is placedaftertheverb. Ex:Shetriedtoavoidgettinginvolved in theirquarrels. • Marrydislikedlisteningto pop music. • Theyhateeatingjunkfoods. • Andothers: • Admit-carry on-consider-delay-deny-can’thelp-enjoy-finish • Giveup-imagine-involve-mention-mind-practise-suggest-miss.
3-As a object of a preposition: • A gerund can also be used as a object of thepreposition.Inthiscasegerundfollowsthepreposition. • A-Verb+prep.+gerund: • Accuse of:He wasaccused of breakinginto a shop. • Apologizefor:Weapologizedforbeinglate. • Theydecidedagainststealingthe car. • I feellikegoingtobedearlytonight. • Andothers: • Believe in-blamefor-complainabout-concentre on-congratulate on Copewith-decideagainst-depend on-dreamabout\of-feellikeGetusedto-insist on-lookforwardto-prevent\stop from-rely on • Succeed in-specialize in-talk about\of-think of-warnsbagainst • Worryabout.
B-Adjective+prep.+gerund: • Afraid of:Theyareafraid of losingtheirproperties. • Bad\good at: He wasbad\good at solvingtheproblems. • Fed upwith: She is fed upwithbeingtreatedlike a child. • Joe is keen on paintingportraits. • I amtired of watchingthesamestupidprograms on TV. • Andothers: • Angryabout\at-clever at-crazyabout-disappointedabout\at • Excitedabout-famousfor-fond of-gladabout-happyabout\at • Interested in-proud of-sick of-sorryabout\for-tired of • Be usedto-worriedabout.
C-Noun+prep.+gerund: • Advantage of:What is theadvantage of investingmoneynow? • Chance of:There’ a chance of catchinga coldthesedays. • Danger of:Pam is in danger of losingher job. • Difficulty(in):He has difficulty in sending e-mailsto his friends. • Doubtabout:He is in doubtaboutdoingtherightthing. • Andothers: • Hope of-idea of-interest in-method of-opportunity of-risk of • Way of-reasonfor-problem of-possibility of.
4-After a possessiveadjectiveorthepossessive form of nouns. • Ex:Wouldyoumindmyusingyourcomputer(a possessiveadj.) • WouldyoumindJohn’stakingyournotes.(possessive form of noun) • Thesmoking of cigarettes is bannedalloverthecountry. • Note:Byadding not beforegerund form,we can make it negative, • Ex:Not havinganyjobexperience is usually a disadvantagewhenyouarelookingfor a job. • Her husband’snot beingpatientwith her learningtodrivemadeRoserathernervous.
5-Aftercertainverbs : • Ex: Admit: Sheatmitteddrivingtoofast. • Avoid:He avoidsgoingoutin therushhours. • Carry on:Weshouldcarry on workinghard. • Delay:I delayedtellingNancythenews. • Deny:Shedeniedbuyingthatmoney. • Can’thepl:Jasoncouldn’thelpfalling in lovewith her. • Enjoy: I enjoyplayingtabletennis. • Finish:Wehavefinishedworkingin thegarden. • Include:His responsibilityincludestakingreservations. • Mention:DidJo ever mentionplayingbaseball? • Miss:I missplayingwithmyfriends. • Practise:He practisedplayingtheguitar. • Suggest:ShesuggestedflyingtoCairo. • Risk:Yourisk passingtheexam.
Specialexpressionsneedgerundafterthemselves: • To be busy:Sheis busyreadingthepaper. • Couldn’thelp:He couldn’thelpeatinganothersteak. • Don’tmind:I don’tmindgivinghimexamnotes. • Howabout:Howaboutwalkinghomeinstead of taking a taxi. • It’s(no) good:It’s no goodtalkingtoprincipalabout her. • It’s no use:It’s no useringingthebellagain;she is not at home. • Spendone’s time:I spendmy time watchingTvalldaylong. • There’sno:There is no fightinganymore. • There’s no point:There’s no point in insisting on thatissue. • Whatabout:Whataboutgoingtothebeach? • Worth:The film is worthwatching. • Waste of time:It’s a waste of time tryingtopersuadehim.
*Specialconditions: Need-Want-Deserve-Require.Gerundcomingafterthesewordsmakesthemeaningpassive, as: Thesewallsneedpainting(Thesewallsneedto be painted). His newbookdeservesreading(deservesto be read). This car wantsservicing(needsto be serviced). Ournewhouserequireredecorating (needsto be redecorated). Note:See-Hear-Watch-Notice.Aftertheseverb,ifgerund is used,it meansthat a part of action is seen,wheninfinitivewithoutto is used it meansthewholeaction is seen. I sawtheblue car turnroundthecornerandhitthe car comingfromtheoppositeline. ( I witnessedthewholeaction) I heardsomebodyopeningthefrontdoor.( Openingstartedbeforehearaction ).
Note: Find-Smell-Catch .Theseareusedwithgerund. • Ex:I couldsmellsomethingburningwhen I openedthedoor. • Wefound\caughthimsleeping. ***Passiveuse of theseverbs: Somebodysawtheburglarsbreakingintomyhouse.(active) Theburglarswereseenbreakingintomyhouse. Theysawthe car beingtakenbythepolice. Theysawthenewfootballerdocooltrickswiththeball. Thenewfootballerwasseento do cooltrickswiththeball.
****Thepassivegerund: Weuse ‘being done’ form. • Ex:Jennyappreciatedbeingcalledlaterby an officertomake sure everythingwasallright. • I do not recallbeingtoldthatthehomework is duetoday. • He can not standbeingdeceivedby his bestfriend. • ****Theperfectgerund: • --------x------------------x--------------I--------x— • He had murdered He deniedNow twopeople He deniedmurdering \havingmurderedtwopeople. He admittedbribing\havingbribedtheofficials at thecustoms.
****Thepassiveperfectgerund: Passive form of Perfectgerund as ‘havingbeen done’: • Themandeniedhavingbeenpaidforthework he had done. • Theyadmittedhavingbeenhiredbythatrichman.
