Chronicle the sequence of events that cause WWI to become a continental war

1. Day 88, 89 Objectives • Chronicle the sequence of events that cause WWI to become a continental war • Analyze the problems and solutions Germany has at the start of WWI Today we light the Powder Keg

2. Push the snowball

3. The Bar Brawl Begins!

4. The world heats up before WWI • Where is there sooo much tension that war almost has to happen?

6. France & Germany • When has there been fighting? • 1905 = Moroccan Crisis (?) • What is this over? • Opponents • Outcomes (a certain alliance strengthens)

7. Balkan  Crisis

8. Balkan Crisis • The Balkan Peninsula once controlled by… • Nationalism part 2 happens… • Everyone isn’t happy with the turnout

9. Bosnia & Herzegovina • Breaks off the Ottoman Empire in 1878 • A-H “controls” it for decades • Austria-Hungary annexes B&H in 1908 • Serbia is MAD…why?

10. A-H B&H  Serbia

11. Early Wars in Balkans • 1912 = 1st Balkan War • Balkan States beat Ottoman Empire • Free FYROM and Albania • 1913 = 2nd Balkan War (Mr. B vsAscolese pt.1) • Who fought? • Austria vs • Serbia & Russia • Austria wins

12. The Royal Family of Austria-Hungary… Emperor Franz Joseph A-D Franz Ferdinand

13. A-H vsSerbiaby 1914 • Austria-Hungary • Afraid of the growing power of Serbs • Some Austrians want war w/Serbs • Archduke Franz Ferdinand refuses  • Serbia… • Hates A-H • Hates Ferdinand too • Still wants B&H • Another war is almost inevitable

14. The spark to the war • Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina • Archduke Francis Ferdinand is assassinated by the Black Hand, a nationalistic terrorist group • June 28, 1914…of all days

15. Gavrilo Princip Last member of the 7 Black Hand members to accomplish the mission

17. The Bar Brawl Now Begins!

18. The Serbian terrorist organization, the Black Hand assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary on June 28, 1914. • What does Germany do on July 5, 1914?

19. NYC 1914 Cartoon What happens next?

20. What happens next? • A-H Emperor Franz Joseph blames Serbia… • Sends Ultimatum to Serbia • July 23, 1914

21. Will the ultimatumbefair?

22. A-H’s Demands…Serbia meets all of them but one • To suppress any publication which incites to hatred and contempt of the Austrian Monarchy; • To dissolve immediately the society styled NarodnaOdbrana(National Defense), and to proceed in the same manner against the other societies which engage in propaganda against Austria; • To eliminate without delay from public instruction in Serbia, both as regards the teaching body and the methods of instruction, all that serves or might serve to foment propaganda against Austria-Hungary; • To remove from the military service and the administration in general all officers guilty of propaganda against Austria-Hungary, names of which were to be provided by the Austro-Hungarian government; • To accept the collaboration in Serbia of organs of the Austro-Hungarian government in the suppression of the subversive movement directed against the territorial integrity of the monarchy; • To begin a judicial inquiry against the accessories to the plot of June 28th who are on Serbian territory, with organs delegated by the Austro-Hungarian government participating in the investigation; • To immediately arrest two named persons implicated by the preliminary investigation undertaken by Austria-Hungary; • To prevent by effective measures the cooperation of Serbia in the illicit traffic in arms and explosives across the frontier; • To furnish Austria-Hungary with explanations regarding statements from high Serbian officials both in Serbia and abroad, who have expressed hostility towards Austria-Hungary; and • To notify Austria-Hungary without delay of the execution of these measures.

23. Serbia Responds • The [Serbian] Government considers it its duty as a matter of course to begin an investigation against all those persons who have participated in the outrage of June 28th and who are in its territory.   As far as the cooperation in this investigation of specially delegated officials of the [Austro-Hungarian] Government is concerned, this cannot be accepted, as this is a violation of the constitution and of criminal procedure. • July 25, 1914 Who said it?  • “…the reply [by Serbia] amounted to a capitulation in the humblest style, and with it there disappeared all reason for war.”

24. What happens 3 Days later? • Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia • July 28, 1914 • Austria-Hungary = 1st…

25. 4. Who steps in the bar brawl next? • Germany!!! • Upholds what alliance? • Who does not back up Austria-Hungary? • Italy…(?)

26. 5. Who backs up Serbia? • Why? • Pan-Slavism!! • Russia asks A-H to soften up on Serbia • A-H says no • This all happens the same day! Russia!!!

27. 2 Friends exchange words… • Read the primary source letters btwn • Germany says… • MYOB to Russia • What does Russia do? • MOBILIZES its Troops!!! • What does  mean?

28. How do you interpret "mobilization?" • What are your options if you are Kaiser Wilhelm II? • What does he do? • Declares War on Russia on Aug 1, 1914 • What did Mobilization mean to him? • Could Russia stop mobilizing? Eh..no

29. 9. Now who steps up? • Why? • What happens next? • Germany says MYOB to France • France says no… France Russia Germany

30. #10 What next? • Germany declares war on France on Aug 3, 1914 • Say that France bombed a German city already • France declares war on Germany Aug 4 Germany has a problem

31. Day 90+91 Objectives • Analyze the goal of the Schlieffen plan and the execution of it • Evaluate the causes and conditions of trench warfare

32. 3. The Schlieffen Plan • German offensive plan to win WWI and the 2-front war • Attack France first with overwhelming encirclement force • Attack slower Russia second

33. Alfred von Schlieffen • 1833-1913 • Made in 1906… • One of most debated plans in history • Encirclement has a successful track record

34. 3. SchlieffenPlan #s • 34 Divisions = 680,000 troops • 31 vs France • 3 vs Russia (slow to mobilize) • France in middle…not ready (Plan 17) • 39 days!!! • Why is that a problem? 3 31

35. Invading Belgium Means… • Tate & Naal should know… • 4 v 2…

36. 4. SchlieffenOveruled • “only make the right wing strong” AVS 1913 • 34 Divisions = 680,000 troops • 6 vsRussia (slow to mobilize) • 28 vsFrance • Problem with this? 6 3 31 28

37. Effects from the Changes • ?  Blame Molke

38. Germany vs France • Germans think WWI will last less that a year • French know they are outnumbered but think their racial superiority will carry them (?) • Imaginative men (Michel) ignored

39. 4. Schlieffen Plan FAILS • Russia mobilizes FAST!! • Battle of Tannenberg • Germany sends 2 divisions to Russian front…weakens Schlieffen Plan • Battle of the Marne…more to come on that 6 8 28 26

40. Germanyencountersa surpriseroadblock “Punch” 1914 • King Albert I

41. Belgium stands up to Germany • Belgians fought hard against Germans • Civilians shooting at Germans… • Many German casualties • One other big impact… • Belgium destroyed • Dixmude

42. Louvain • August 25, Destruction of Louvain, Belgium • Civilians shooting at Germans • Germans kill Belgian civilians • Break international laws • University Library (Ren and Gothic texts), Church of St. Pierre destroyed • Someone is MAD!!!

43. France gets just enough! • Battle of the Marne • Germans lost too many men along the way…think about it  • French pleas to GB work (more men!!) • Crazy taxi stories • Respect Belgium!! • Now what?

44. Trench Warfare

45. Bottom of Handout #2 • 1st Slot – Right Before WWI • Triple AllianceTriple Entente • 2nd Slot – When WWI begins in 1914 • Central PowersAllied Powers Germany France GB Italy Russia A-H Ottoman Empire