1 / 42

The First Americans

The First Americans. Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Southwest Pacific Northwest Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Iroquois New England Conclusion. Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha. Themes.

astra
Download Presentation

The First Americans

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. The First Americans

  2. Introduction • Origins • Regional Diversity • Mesoamerica • Western • Southwest • Pacific Northwest • Mississippian • Eastern Woodlands • Iroquois • New England • Conclusion • Key Terms: • Bering Land Bridge • Teotihuacan • Aztec • Anasazi • Cahokia • Iroquois • Hiawatha

  3. Themes • Origins of Native Americans in Western Hemisphere • Diversity of lifestyle • Changing nature of Indian societies before European contact

  4. Introduction • Origins • Regional Diversity • Mesoamerica • Southwest • Eastern Woodlands • Mississippian • Iroquois • New England • Conclusion • Key Terms: • Bering Land Bridge • Teotihuacan • Aztec • Anasazi • Cahokia • Iroquois • Hiawatha

  5. Native Americans and Origins • Many anthropologists and historians agree humans lived in North American about 35,000 BC • How did they arrive…? • Bering Land Bridge

  6. Map of Bering Land Bridge

  7. Locations of Selected Native American Peoples, 1500 AD

  8. Farming • Access to food = key • Agricultural Origins • 8000 B.C. Middle East • 5000 B.C. Western Hemisphere

  9. Introduction • Origins • Regional Diversity • Mesoamerica • Western • Southwest • Pacific Northwest • Mississippian • Eastern Woodlands • Iroquois • New England • Conclusion • Key Terms: • Bering Land Bridge • Teotihuacan • Aztec • Anasazi • Cahokia • Iroquois • Hiawatha

  10. Major Mesoamerican Cultures Aztecs Mayans Incas

  11. Major Mesoamerican Cultures (Aztecs) • Became dominant power by 1400s • Capitals = Tenochtitlan • Pop: 300,000 (bigger than a city in Europe)

  12. Religion • Polytheistic (The worship of many gods) • Aztec honored over 200 deities

  13. Aztecs • Became dominant power by 1400s • Capitals = Tenochtitlan • Pop: 300,000 (bigger than an city in Europe) • Still expanding their empire in early 1500s

  14. Aztec Agriculture • Farming - Irrigation network created fertile cropland and access to fresh water

  15. Introduction • Origins • Regional Diversity • Mesoamerica • Western • Southwest • Pacific Northwest • Mississippian • Eastern Woodlands • Iroquois • New England • Conclusion • Key Terms: • Bering Land Bridge • Teotihuacan • Aztec • Anasazi • Cahokia • Iroquois • Hiawatha

  16. Major SouthwestCultures Anasazi Hohokam Mogollon

  17. Southwest Civilization • Know for its dry climate but farming was important • Chaco Canyon was a center for trade • Constructed mud block structure and cities

  18. Southwest Cultures • Anasazi culture declined by 12th and 13th centuries as rain levels dropped. • Large communities most likely dissolved into smaller tribes and bands • Hohokam and Mogollon cultures persist to this day

  19. Introduction • Origins • Regional Diversity • Mesoamerica • Western • Southwest • Pacific Northwest • Mississippian • Eastern Woodlands • Iroquois • New England • Conclusion • Key Terms: • Bering Land Bridge • Teotihuacan • Aztec • Anasazi • Cahokia • Iroquois • Hiawatha

  20. Pacific Northwest

  21. Pacific Northwest • Bark: used for clothing, baskets, etc. • When softened it could be fashioned into diapers for babies • Lumber: Canoes, homes (longhouses), etc. • Longhouses were very large: 100 x 40 ft

  22. Pacific Northwest - Seafood/Salmon • Hunter/gatherers • Seafood was the foundation of their diet • Fish could be caught in many way • Fish were preserved by drying and smoking • Key = Abundance • Clams, crabs, and other shellfish were eaten • Whales were hunted in some areas

  23. Introduction • Origins • Regional Diversity • Mesoamerica • Western • Southwest • Pacific Northwest • Mississippian • Eastern Woodlands • Iroquois • New England • Conclusion • Key Terms: • Bering Land Bridge • Teotihuacan • Aztec • Anasazi • Cahokia • Iroquois • Hiawatha

  24. Mississippian

  25. Mississippian • Mississippian culture emerged about 700 AD • Cahokia was located near present-day St. Louis

  26. Cahokia Mounds • Covered about 125 sq miles • 20,000 residents • Built platform mounds • Served as temples and homes for chiefs

  27. Mississippian • Mississippian culture emerged about 700 AD • Cahokia was located near present-day St. Louis • After 1200 it entered a period of decline

  28. Introduction • Origins • Regional Diversity • Mesoamerica • Western • Southwest • Pacific Northwest • Mississippian • Eastern Woodlands • Iroquois • New England • Conclusion • Key Terms: • Bering Land Bridge • Teotihuacan • Aztec • Anasazi • Cahokia • Iroquois • Hiawatha

  29. Iroquois

  30. Iroquois: A Confederation of Five Separate Tribes • Confederation of tribes that number around 10,000 total • Mohawks • Oneidas • Onondagas • Cayugas • Senecas

  31. Political Structure • Council Government • Each tribe in confederacy sent delegates/representatives to council meetings

  32. Iroquois Society • Homes = Longhouses • 25 ft wide • Up to 200 ft in length • Several families would live in each longhouse • Property was owned communally • Division of labor between men/women: • Men: hunted/fished; warriors • Women: farmed and gathered • A significant portion of their diet came from farmed products

  33. Iroquois Society • Homes = Longhouses • 25 ft wide • Up to 200 ft in length • Several families would live in each longhouse • Property was owned communally • Division of labor between men/women: • Men: hunted/fished; warriors • Women: farmed and gathered • A significant portion of their diet came from farmed products

  34. Women in Iroquois Society • Descent was matrilineal; • Husband moved into home of wife’s family • houses were headed by women • Women could divorce their husbands • Women selected all delegates to the Iroquois Council and influenced policy

  35. New England

  36. New England • Northern New England • Hunter-gathers: Very Mobile • Spring and summer lived near coasts; moved inland for fall and winter to hunt game animals • 15,000-20,000 population in 1600 • Southern New England • Hunted and Farmed (at times up to 2/3 of diet) • 55,000-80,000 population in 1600

  37. Farming Methods • Fields were cleared by girdling and with fire • “Three Sisters” of agriculture • Corn, beans, and squash were planted together • Corn drew Nitrogen • Beans added Nitrogen • Farming had a major impact on the environment

  38. Introduction • Origins • Regional Diversity • Mesoamerica • Western • Southwest • Pacific Northwest • Mississippian • Eastern Woodlands • Iroquois • New England • Conclusion • Key Terms: • Bering Land Bridge • Teotihuacan • Aztec • Anasazi • Cahokia • Iroquois • Hiawatha

  39. Review • Origins of Native Americans • Tremendous differences among Indian Peoples • Compare and contrast life; what ere some important traits of people living in different regions?

  40. Source • http://college.cengage.com/history/lecturepoints/part01_lecture01/part01_lecture01.html

More Related