html5-img
1 / 14

Terorisme dan Penggunaan Kekuatan Bersenjata ( Terrorism and the Use of Force)

Terorisme dan Penggunaan Kekuatan Bersenjata ( Terrorism and the Use of Force). Bagian Hukum Internasional. Apa terorisme?.

astra
Download Presentation

Terorisme dan Penggunaan Kekuatan Bersenjata ( Terrorism and the Use of Force)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Terorisme dan Penggunaan Kekuatan Bersenjata( Terrorism and the Use of Force) BagianHukumInternasional

  2. Apa terorisme? • Departemen Pertahanan AS  “the calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.” • Tiga unsur : • violence • fear • intimidation

  3. Apa terorisme? • PBB (1992)  "An anxiety-inspiring method of repeated violent action, employed by (semi-) clandestine individual, group or state actors, for idiosyncratic, criminal or political reasons, whereby - in contrast to assassination - the direct targets of violence are not the main targets

  4. Terorisme adalah kejahatan? • Terorisme adalah kejahatan  Konvensi Dewan Eropa 2005

  5. Informasi intelijen serangan? • Boleh asal dapat dipertanggungjawabkan validitasnya. kompromi yang kami tawarkan

  6. Serangan thd Negara Lain  Legal? • Piagam PBB • National Security Strategy • Kompromi/jalan tengah?

  7. Piagam PBB • Pasal 2 paragraf 4  ilegal • Pengecualian • Pasal 39  collective action  pasal 41 dan 42 • Pasal 51  self defence

  8. Pasal 2 paragraf 4 • "All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations." • Tidak hanya penggunaan kekuatan bersenjata saja yang dilarang, tetapi juga ancaman untuk menggunakan itu

  9. Pasal 39 • "The Security Council shall determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression and shall make recommendations, or decide what measures shall be taken in accordance with Articles 41 and 42, to maintain or restore international peace and security. • Syarat: • a"threat to the peace" • a "breach of the peace" • an "act of aggression."

  10. Pasal 39 • to "maintain or restore international peace and security." Hanya sampai tercapainya kedamaian dan keamanan internasional

  11. Pasal 41 dan 42 • Article 41 : merujuk pada jalan tanpa kekerasan :embargoes, withdrawal of diplomatic relations, cutting off of communications • Article 42 refers to the measures that may be taken should those under article 41 prove inadequate. They are: "such action by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security. "

  12. Pasal 51 • "Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations “

  13. NSS • Pada tahun 2002, setelah tragedi 9/11, AS mengeluarkan suatu kebijakan kemanan yang bernama National Security Strategy • AS diperkenankan untuk melakukan serangan (dengan alasan self defense) tanpa persetujuan Dewan Keamanan PBB. • Bahkan dapat melakukan serangan terhadap kelompok (yang diduga) teroris walaupun serangan tersebut baru pada tahan awal.

  14. Kompromi? • AS dapat menggunakan peran Dewan Keamanan PBB. Dengan menyerahkan hasil investigasi yang dilakukan CIA kepada Dewan Keamanan. • DK PBB kemudian mengecek kebenaran (valid tidaknya) informasi tersebut. Dan kemuadian atas persetujuan DK PBB dapat melakukan penyerangan. • Namun tampaknya hal ini mustahil akan dilakukan AS karena khawatir akan di-veto oleh Negara anggota permanent DK PBB lainnya.

More Related