Submitted to Dr. Abul L Huq Course : CEG 433 , summer 2010

1. Optical Computing A Presentation on CSE 532/ CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture M . Rubaiyat Bin Sattar ranganbd@gmail.com 14/9/2010 Submitted to Dr. Abul L HuqCourse : CEG 433 , summer 2010

2. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Introduction • General meaning of the optical computing is the light computing. → Laser beam instead of electric current. all internal circuits uses light instead of electricity. Optical computing was the hot research topic in 1980’s but for the limitation of materials it was not implemented. Engineers are still trying to implement a complete optical computer .Today's Optical computer known as Electro-optical-hybrid computer in which data is received by electron and transferred by Optics .

3. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Background of optical computer Albert Einstein says : speed of light is 3*10^8 per second which is about 186,000 miles per second. So if we can make a computer with light it will be faster than anyone can ever think of. → Prism and lens (1st idea ) Limitation :distortion of light → GaAs VLSI technology and same time silicon photonic (Significant change ) Now An Optical Computer also called a photonic computer.

4. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Basic Concept in Optics --> Wave Optics •Wave optics attempts to explain light as wave phenomena means wave format. Speed-of-light, 3108 km / sec. v =  = c --> Coherency --> Fourier Optics --> Lens as Phase Transformation --> Polarization & Anisotropic Crystals

5. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Basic Concept in Optics --> Wave Optics • Manipulation of information carried by electromagnetic waves •The basic operation is the double Fourier transformations. --> Coherency --> Fourier Optics --> Lens as Phase Transformation --> Polarization & Anisotropic Crystals In the below picture green laser for writing the hologram of the input array and ared laserfor reading-processing.

6. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Basic Concept in Optics --> Wave Optics • Study of classical optics using Fourier Transforms. [a] 1D-2D Fourier transform [b] Correlation, Convolution [c] Storing complex function in film [d] Phase hologram --> Coherency -->Fourier Optics --> Lens as Phase Transformation --> Polarization & Anisotropic Crystals

7. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Basic Concept in Optics --> Wave Optics • A thin lens acts as a phase transformation if a ray entering at coordinates (x, y) same coordinates on the opposite face. --> Coherency --> Fourier Optics --> Lens as Phase Transformation --> Polarization & Anisotropic Crystals

8. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Basic Concept in Optics --> Wave Optics •The term anisotropy refers to a non-uniform spatial distribution, which result different value from several direction within same material •It can pass through at a single velocity. --> Coherency --> Fourier Optics --> Lens as Phase Transformation --> Polarization & Anisotropic Crystals

9. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Devices for Opto-Electronic Interface --> VCSEL Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser : • semiconductor vertical cavity surface emitting laser diode that emits light in a cylindrical beam vertically from the surface of a fabricated wafer. --> SLMs --> Integrated Optics i) WDM ii) Spectrum VCSEL device structure and diagram

10. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Devices for Opto-Electronic Interface --> VCSEL Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser : • semiconductor vertical cavity surface emitting laser diode that emits light in a cylindrical beam vertically from the surface of a fabricated wafer. --> SLMs --> Integrated Optics i) WDM ii) Spectrum Wafer Surface

11. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Devices for Opto-Electronic Interface How VSCEL and Photodiode used for interconnection in circuit board: --> VCSEL --> SLMs --> Integrated Optics i) WDM ii) Spectrum VCSEL • VCSEL convert electric singal to optical when pass through pair of lenses . • Micro-mirrors are used to direct the light beam •Photodiode convert the optical signal back to the electrical signal

12. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Devices for Opto-Electronic Interface --> VCSEL •A spatial light modulator (SLM) is an object that imposes some form of spatially-varying modulation on a beam of light. →Basically it is used for display purpose. --> SLMs --> Integrated Optics i) WDM ii) Spectrum

13. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Devices for Opto-Electronic Interface --> VCSEL WDM (WAVELENGTH DIVISION ULTIPLEXING) : • is a method of sending many different wavelengths . It can transmit at 10 gigabits per second through the same fiber at the same time. --> SLMs -->Integrated Optics i) WDM ii) Spectrum Separating a beam of light into its colors

14. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Devices for Opto-Electronic Interface --> VCSEL Applications to Spectrum Analysis and Filtering • Spectrum can be calculated from the result of a wavelet transform. This high pass filter is calculated as the quadrature mirror of the low pass filter for analysis with orthogonal wavelets. --> SLMs -->Integrated Optics i) WDM A wavelet is a wave-like oscillation with an amplitude. Quadrature mirror filter split a input signal into two band →The role of smart pixel technology and nonlinear material in optical computing has become extremely significant ii) Spectrum

15. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Optical Computer Architecture DeMorgan’s Law DeMorgan’s Law Three most basic hardware components . They are > Source, a modulator, and a detector. Shannon’s Law Parallelism 2D InterConnect Logic Gates

16. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Two set of input gate /Two words Optical Computer Architecture DeMorgan’s Law DeMorgan’s Law Shannon’s Law Parallelism function as OR gate ELECTROD 2D InterConnect Logic Gates DeMorgans law the output of the inverter <AND> Acoustic optic cell means sound or the sense of hearing (Like in a musical instrument)

17. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Optical Computer Architecture The control logic architecture DeMorgan’s Law Shannon’s Law Shannon’s Law Parallelism 2D InterConnect Logic Gates

18. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Optical Computer Architecture CONTROL LOGIC DeMorgan’s Law Shannon’s Law Shannon’s Law AND OP Parallelism OR OP 2D InterConnect Logic Gates Transducers

19. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Optical Computer Architecture DeMorgan’s Law Shannon’s Law Shannon’s Law Parallelism AND function represent by following way : f1=x1x2x3….xnf(1,1,1,…1) f2=x̄1x2x3…xnf(0,1,1……1) f3=x1x̄2x3…xnf(1,0,1…..1) f4=x̄1x̄2x3….xnf(0,0,1…..1) ............................................. Fk=x̄1x̄2x̄3…….x̄n̄f(0,0,…..0) OR’edand Boolean summed is – Y(x1,x2,x3….xn)=f1+f2+f3…fk [ where K=2^N functional ] 2D InterConnect Logic Gates AND OR

20. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Optical Computer Architecture DeMorgan’s Law Shannon’s Law Parallelism Parallelism 2D InterConnect Logic Gates

21. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept All control matrices recorded in the hologram Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Optical Computer Architecture DeMorgan’s Law DL = 1 Shannon’s Law Parallelism Parallelism 2D InterConnect Logic Gates DANE (detection ,amplification , negation and emission Cylindrical lens placed between DANE and output detector array represent most primitive parallel method

22. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Optical Computer Architecture DeMorgan’s Law Shannon’s Law Parallelism 2D InterConnect 2D InterConnect Logic Gates

23. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept two dimensional control operate array Two dimensional input data array Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Optical Computer Architecture Second operate Array DeMorgan’s Law Shannon’s Law Parallelism 2D InterConnect 2D InterConnect Logic Gates 2 Detector Plane

24. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Optical Computer Architecture Ultra-fast All-Optical LOGIC GATES for optical computing DeMorgan’s Law Shannon’s Law Parallelism 2D InterConnect Logic Gates Logic Gates Green pulsed Nd:YAG input laser was used together with a red continuous wave (cw) He-Ne beam. He-Ne laser is the most widely used laser with continuous power

25. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Basic Structure of an Optical Computer •Uniform Transfer light beams are 11, 12 13 and 14 from respective light source I, II,III and IV •21,22,23,24,25,26,27 & 28 denote excitation light beams. These light beam Irradiate onto the respective prism through prism surface. •1A,1B,3A,3B,5A,5B,7A,7B , 9A,9B are quadrangular prism provided to redirect pass respective orthogonal light beams in single direction. •Thin Film element 2,4,6,8 respectively provided between blocks 1 and 3, between 3 &5, between 5 & 7 and between 7& 9

26. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Holographic Memory →Holographic data storage is a potential replacement technology in the area of high-capacity data storage. → In a holographic memory device, a laser beam is split in two, and the two resulting beams interact in a crystal medium to store a holographic recreation of a page of data.  → 1 terabyte (TB) of data in a sugar-cube-sized crystal.

27. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Optical Development Boom Worldwide • Photonics development is booming worldwide •significant milestone and information between brain on chip with the process of light instead of electrical signal. •Using light instead of wires to send information between the cores can be as much as 100 times faster • This technology has the power to invent today’s super computer

28. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Optical Computing : Next Generation •Entirely optical computers will be invented in future . •We will see light without logic .Optical devices will take place inside computers. NASA Scientist are working for that . •Optical computer networking will introduced in future .

29. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Optical Computing : Next Generation • Scientist discovered an inch-long Amazonian beetle could hold the key to next-generation optical computer chips. They found significant path for making today’s light computer after researching on naturally possessed of a molecular arrangement.

30. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Conclusion Optics has been used in computing for a number of years but for the limitation of materials we have been seeing Electro-optical-hybrid .Optical technology applied in today’s CD-Rom driver and their relatives, laser printer, scanner and in mouse. It is not so far when we will see total optical computer . The smart pixel technology , rapid progress in silicon photonic , GaAs VLSI technique and faster design in algorithm will bring the new generation Super optical Computer .

31. A Presentation on CEG 433 Advanced Computer Architecture Optical Computing Devices Architecture Introduction Background Concept Structure Memory Next Generation Conclusion Development Thank You