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Catalyst

Catalyst. Pick up Papers from the front Calculate the actual yield o f Potassium Sulfate if you started with 15 g of Silver (II) Sulfate and excess Potassium P hosphate, which produced Potassium Sulfate at a 75% yield. Use the following equation:

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Catalyst

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  1. Catalyst • Pick up Papers from the front • Calculate the actual yieldof Potassium Sulfate if you started with 15 g of Silver (II) Sulfate and excess Potassium Phosphate, which produced Potassium Sulfate at a 75% yield. • Use the following equation: • AgSO4 + K3PO4 Ag3(PO4)2 + K2SO4

  2. GRADE!

  3. Catalyst • Pick up Papers from the front • Calculate the actual yieldof Potassium Sulfate if you started with 15 g of Silver (II) Sulfate and excess Potassium Phosphate, which produced Potassium Sulfate at a 75% yield. • Use the following equation: • AgSO4 + K3PO4 Ag3(PO4)2 + K2SO4

  4. BIG GOAL

  5. Explosion! (3 MINUTES) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

  6. Explosion Questions • What is the formula for density? • Give an example of a chemical property. • Give an example of a physical property. • What is the law of conservation of mass? • What is the law of definite proportions? • What is the law of multiple proportions? • Who discovered the electron? • What are the three types of radiation? • Which particle is the biggest? • Which is the smallest? • Who is Ernest Rutherford? • How do you find the number of neutrons? • What is an isotope? • What is the formula for Nitrite? • What is the formula for Perchlorate? • What is the formula for Hyposulfite? • What is the empirical formula? • What is the molecular formula? • What is the limiting reagent? • What is the excess reagent? • What is the % yield? • What is % composition? • What does it mean to be aqueous?

  7. WATER!

  8. Electronegativity: The desire an atom has for electrons! Fluorine is the MOST electronegative element!

  9. Chart of Electronegativities – let’s compare H and O! What does this mean?

  10. We know that H and O SHARE their electrons, so….let’s try drawing the Lewis Dot Structure to get more information δ- O H H So Oxygen has 2 lone pairs attached in order to fill it’s octet It is also more electronegative than H…which means that O has a partial NEGATIVE charge!

  11. We know that H and O SHARE their electrons, so….let’s try drawing the Lewis Dot Structure to get more information δ- O H H So Oxygen has 2 lone pairs attached in order to fill it’s octet It is also more electronegative than H (it pulls the shared electrons a little more…which means that O has a partial NEGATIVE charge!

  12. We know that H and O SHARE their electrons, so….let’s try drawing the Lewis Dot Structure to get more information δ- O H H δ+ δ+ Since H is less electronegative, it pulls on the electrons LESS, so it has a partial POSITIVE charge

  13. Because there is a difference in charge, this is called a POLAR Molecule δ- O H H δ+ δ+ It also has a BENT shape!

  14. Positive Ions will be attracted to the O end of the water molecule δ- O H H δ+ δ+ And Negative Ions will be attracted to the H ends of the water molecule Because opposites attract!

  15. Other polar molecules will be easily dissolved in water as well, because of the electromagnetic force involved! (opposite charges attract!) δ- O H H δ+ δ+ Therefore…

  16. “Like dissolves like”: Polar solvents (like water) can dissolve polar and ionic solute! “Like dissolves like”: Non-Polar solvents can dissolve non polar solutes (like fats!)!

  17. Strong and Weak Electrolytes

  18. Electrolyte: A substance that when dissolved in water can produce a solution that conducts an electric current STRONG Electrolyte: produce a very STRONG current (bright light) Ex: Ionic compounds, Strong Bases (NaOH), Strong Acids (HNO3) – these fully break apart (dissociate)

  19. Electrolyte: A substance that when dissolved in water can produce a solution that conducts an electric current WEAK Electrolyte: produce a very WEAK current (dim light) Ex. Weak Acids (Acetic Acid), Weak Bases (Ammonia) - these do NOT fully dissociate

  20. Electrolyte: A substance that when dissolved in water can produce a solution that conducts an electric current NON Electrolytes: produce NO current (zero light) Ex. Alcohols, sugars - these do NOT dissociate at all

  21. Need to MEMORIZE ALL STRONG ACIDS AND BASES! STRONG ACIDS: HCl, HBr, HI, HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4 STRONG BASES: Group 1 with OH ex. NaOHand KOH, etc…, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2

  22. Let’s Come up with a way to do so! STRONG ACIDS: STRONG BASES:

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