Bloodborne Pathogens

1. Learning Target: Student will identify and respond to hazardous situations that might affect the safety of children in a field site situation.

2. Bloodborne Pathogens Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms (such as viruses) transmitted through blood, or other potentially infectious material such as certain bodily fluids (semen, breast milk, etc.) or tissues.

3. Bloodborne Pathogens Bodily fluids, especially those visibly contaminated with blood, are capable of causing disease. Pathogens can enter your body through a cut in the skin, through your eyes or mouth. Can also be transmitted sexually Main diseases of concern are Hepatitis B (and C) virus, and HIV (AIDS virus).

4. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) HIV attacks your body’s ability to protect itself against disease Initially no visible signs of having the virus Most people with HIV develop AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) There is no vaccination for HIV

5. HIV Virus lives outside the body only a few hours 4 modes of transfer: blood semen vaginal secretions breast milk

6. HIV 10-50 virus particles per ml of blood

7. Aids Statistics from CDC • 50,000 people in the United States are newly infected with HIV each year as of 2010 • Nearly 66%of these new infections occurred in gay and bisexual men. • Black/AfricanAmerican men and women were also highly affected • Their HIV incidence rate that was almost 8 times as high as the incidence rate among whites.

8. 2015 Aids Statistics from CDC

9. Hepatitis B Virus Hepatitis B (and C) Up to 100 times easier to catch than HIV Unlike HIV, can live outside of body for several days

10. Concentration of Hepatitis B Virus in Various Body Fluids

11. Hepatitis B 1,000,000 - 1,000,000,000 virus particles per ml of blood Virus can live outside the body for several days

12. HIV vs. Hepatitis B

13. Hepatitis C 3-4 million carriers Disease can incubate for decade HCV not related to the viruses that cause HBA and HBV

14. Hepatitis C

15. Hepatitis C Risk Factors: Long-term kidney dialysis Sex with multiple partners Tattooing or body piercing with shared needles or unsterilized equipment Intranasal cocaine use with shared straws Pamela Anderson claims her infection came from a tattoo needle

16. Hepatitis B (and C) There is no cure for Hepatitis B or C… but unlike HIV, there is a vaccination for Hepatitis B. (There is no vaccination for Hepatitis C)

17. HBV and HCV Liver is located behind the lower ribs on the right side of your abdomen Weighs about 3 pounds and is roughly the size of a football. If infected with HBV, the liver often becomes tender and enlarged

18. Some signs and symptoms of HBV and HBC include: normal Flu-like symptoms fatigue jaundice severe pain in joints lung disease inflammation of liver inflammation on and ulcers of the colon may be asymptomatic (i.e. no symptoms indicated) Yellow from jaundice

19. Hepatitis Acute:6-8 weeks, 90% 30-40% with acute HBV have no idea how or when they became infected 5-15% of infected carry virus for longer than 6 months (carriers) Chronic: Life, 10% Hepatitis B carriers are people infected with HBV and never fully recover. They carry the virus and can infect others for the rest of their lives Approximately one million people in the US carry HBV

20. Hepatitis B “The risk of contracting Hepatitis B from a single needlestick contaminated with blood from a person with known Hepatitis B ranges from 6% to 30%.” “Approximately 10% of those infected become chronic carriers who can infect their families and friends. They have up to 300 times greater than normal risk of developing liver cancer.” “Every year, approximately 5,000 Americans, die of HBV or its complications.

21. Part 2

22. Statistics as of 2015: • New HIV infections have fallen by 38% since 2001 • New HIV infections among children have declined by 58% since 2001. • AIDS-related deaths have fallen by 35% since the peak in 2005

23. When a contaminated object touches inflamed skin, acne, skin abrasions How Bloodborne Pathogens Spread on the Job When you touch a contaminated surface and then touch your eyes, nose, mouth, or open wounds or inflamed skin

24. How to Reduce Your Risk UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS/ STANDARD PRECAUTIONS: Asystem of infection control which assumes that all human blood and certain body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious.

25. How to Reduce Your Risk Wash hands after changing diapers. Wear gloves for diaper changing, wiping noses, cleaning up after cuts, and injuries.

26. Use Spill Kit for Clean-up Kit Includes: Face Mask Gloves Goggles Sharps Disposal Container Fluid Control Solidifier Personal Safety Equipment Cleaning Pads

27. How to Reduce Your Risk Don’t Recap Needles Clean up when kids get sick. Wear gloves when dealing with all body fluids and wastes.

28. How to Reduce Your Risk Needles and other sharps must be discarded in rigid, leak-proof, puncture resistance containers

29. How to Reduce Your Risk Lift and carry the trash bag away from your body

30. How to Reduce Your Risk Do not eat, drink, smoke, apply cosmetics or handle contact lenses in areas where there is the possibility of exposure to BBP, such as in UWM labs

31. Personal Protective Equipment Gloves, masks, eye protection, CPR microshields

33. Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures Get Spill Kit from Janitorial Closet Put on gloves.

34. Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures If splashing is anticipated, wear protective eyewear and mask

35. Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures Remove visible material with absorbent towels

36. Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures Area should be decontaminated for 10 minutes Once the area has been disinfected, dry area with absorbent towels and dispose of towels in regular trash

37. Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures Glove removal and disposal technique

38. Glove Removal and Disposal Grip one glove near the cuff and peel it down until it comes off inside out. Cup it in the palm of your gloved hand. Place two fingers of your bare hand inside the cuff of the remaining glove.

39. Glove Removal and Disposal Peel that glove down so that it also comes off inside out and over the first glove. Properly dispose of the gloves.

40. Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures Wash hands well.

41. Vaccination Very low risk vaccine Three doses over 6 months Must receive all three doses >79% effective Free to employees May decline vaccine (but must sign waiver) May receive vaccine later

42. Accident/Injury Report Complete report as soon as possible after incident Turn in to your supervisor Form is submitted to Workers Compensation

43. Conclusion Any Questions? Thank You!