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Energy Transformations

Energy Transformations. Several forms of energy have been defined. Each kind can be changed into other kinds. Forms of Energy. Chemical Energy. energy stored in bonds that hold atoms together as molecules. Food. Fuel. Nuclear Energy.

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Energy Transformations

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  1. Energy Transformations • Several forms of energy have been defined. • Each kind can be changed into other kinds

  2. Forms of Energy

  3. Chemical Energy • energy stored in bonds that hold atoms together as molecules. Food Fuel

  4. Nuclear Energy • energy stored in the nucleus of an atom; released when nuclei split apart or join together Nuclear Fusion Nuclear Fission Nuclear Power Plants Fusion in the sun

  5. Gravitational Energy • energy stored in an object as the result of its height Pendulum Roller coaster car at top of hill

  6. Elastic Potential Energy • energy stored in elastic materials as the result of their stretching or compressing. Stretched Rubber Band Compressed spring

  7. Electrical Energy Energy of moving electrical charges Electrical charges moving through wire Lightning

  8. Radiant Energy Microwaves • Energy that travels as electromagnetic waves. Xrays “David Banner belted by gamma rays turns into The Hulk”

  9. Sound Energy • Energy given off by vibrating objects; energy we can hear

  10. Mechanical Energy • Energy of motion used to do work Wind Flowing water Machines Your body when you move

  11. Thermal Energy • Thermal energy is the energy an object has due to the motion of its molecules. The faster the molecules in an object move, the more thermal energy the object has. The lava flowing from this volcano has a large amount of thermal energy.

  12. Calculating Gravitational Potential Energy What is the gravitational potential energy of a girl who has a mass of 40 kg and is standing on the edge of a diving board that is 5 m above the water?

  13. Calculating Gravitational Potential Energy An apple with a mass of 0.1 kg is attached to a branch of an apple tree 4 m from the ground. How much gravitational potential energy does the apple have?

  14. Calculating Gravitational Potential Energy If you lift a 2 kg box of toys to the top shelf of a closet, which is 3 m high, how much gravitational potential energy will the box of toys have?

  15. Calculating Kinetic Energy • What is the kinetic energy of a girl who has a mass of 40 kg and a velocity of 3 m/s2?

  16. Calculating Kinetic Energy • A grasshopper with a mass of 0.002 kg jumps up at a speed of 15 m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the grasshopper?

  17. Calculating Kinetic Energy • A truck with a mass of 6000 kg is traveling north on a highway at a speed of 17 m/s. A car with a mass of 2000 kg is traveling south on the same highway with a speed of 30 m/s. Which vehicle has more kinetic energy?

  18. Mechanical Energy • A satellite falling to Earth has a kinetic energy of 182.2 billion J and a potential energy of 1.6 billion J. What is its mechanical energy?

  19. Mechanical Energy • If the kinetic energy of a falling apple is 5.2 J and its potential energy is 3.5 J, what is its mechanical energy?

  20. Energy Transformations • Energy can be changed, or transformed, from one form to another.

  21. Mechanical Energy  Electrical Energy Mechanical energy of moving water can be transformed into electrical energy

  22. Electrical Energy  Thermal Energy • A toaster transforms electrical energy into thermal energy to toast your bread

  23. Chemical Energy Mechanical Energy • Your body transforms the chemical energy in your food to mechanical energy you need to move your muscles.

  24. Chemical Energy Thermal Energy • Chemical energy in food is also transformed to the thermal energy your body uses to maintain temperature.

  25. Energy Transformations Many common devices transform electrical energy into other forms. Thinks about the following devices in terms of energy transformations. ceiling fan digital clock hair dryer For each device, describe which form or forms of energy the electrical energy becomes.

  26. Radiant Energy  Chemical Energy • Green plants change radiant energy (light) to chemical energy.

  27. Chemical Energy  Mechanical Energy • Burning fuels changes chemical energy into mechanical energy

  28. Electrical Energy  Light Energy • A lightbulb changes electrical energy to light energy

  29. Conservation of Energy • In any energy transformation, some energy changes to heat. • Energy can be changed from one form to another but it can never be created or destroyed.

  30. Energy and Friction • A sliding hockey puck comes to rest because friction converts its kinetic energy into heat.

  31. Energy and Matter

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