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History of Acrylic

History of Acrylic. Formation of acrylonitrile. Chemistry of acrylics. The monomer is acrylonitrile. Another name for acrylonitrile is vinyl cyanide. The polymer is (PAN) POLYACRYLONITRILE. They go under addition process. Acrylic Processing.

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History of Acrylic

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  1. History of Acrylic

  2. Formation of acrylonitrile

  3. Chemistry of acrylics • The monomer is acrylonitrile. Another name for acrylonitrile is vinyl cyanide. The polymer is (PAN) POLYACRYLONITRILE. They go under addition process.

  4. Acrylic Processing • In one commercial method, hydrogen cyanide is treated with acetylene:acetylene + Hydrogen cyanide --> Acrilonitrile • In second method Ethylene--Air Oxidation--> Ethylene oxide + HCN--> Ethylene cyanahydrin--Dehydration at 300 °C (catalyst)--> AcrylonitrileIn a continuous polymerisation process, 95% acrylonitrile and 6% methyl acrylate , 0.25% aqueous solution of K2S2O8, 0.50 % Na2S2O5 solution and 2N sulphuric acid are fed into the reaction vessel at 52°C under nitrogen atmosphere giving a slurry with 67% polymer. The slurry is continuously withdrawn, filtered and washed till it is free from salts and dried. • Acrilonitrile is dry spun. The material is dissolved in dimethylformamide, the solution contains 10-20 polymers. It is heated and extruded into a heated spinning cell. A heated evaporating medium such as air, nitrogen or steam moves counter current to the travel of filaments and removes the solvent to take it to a recovery unit. The filaments are hot stretched at 100 to 250 depending on the time of contact in the hot zone, to several times their original length. 

  5. Wet spinning

  6. Dry Spinning

  7. Wet Spinning • The spinning Solution is pumped through fine holes of a jet into a coagulating bath and drawn off as continous filaments which are collected togather to form a continous ‘toe’ or rope of fiber. The bath removes the solvent from the spinning solution leaving acrylic filaments.

  8. Drawing & Washing • The fibers are drawn under heat • Washing removes excess solvent

  9. Drying & Stabalizing • The fibers are dried in a heat chambber. • Controlled heat treatment to prevent subsequent shrinkage.

  10. Crimping • Crimping imparts bulk and cover to the spun yarn and improves fiber to fiber cohesion. This crimp may not be permanent and may not withstand dyeing and finishing.

  11. Cutting • Cutting the filaments into the desired staple length for spinning.

  12. Chemical composition • An Acrylic polymer is random copolymer composed of 2 or more monomers, but by definition, at least 85% of the monomer used must be acrylonitrile. • 70-80% crystalline, 30-20% amorphous, excellent alignement orientation. Dégrée of polymérisation is 1000. • The additional monomers are often included in order to confer dye ability: Vinyl acetate (opens up structure) Acrylic acid ( provides dye sites)

  13. Chemical properties: • Acid – Damaged by strong concentrate acid and Acrylic has good-to-excellent • resistance to strong mineral acids as well as organic acids. • Alkali –Acrylic has fair to good resistance to weak alkalies and to strong • alkalis at room temperature • Bleach – Resistance to oxides solvent • Organic solvent –In mildew may form on But surface, But it will have no effect on fabric. In insects acrylic is unaffected by moth.

  14. Chemical properties • Light – Acrylic has resistance to light. Its extreme resistance to such • degradation makes it especially useful for fabrics that will be exposed to • sunlight for an • extended period of time. . • Heat – Acrylic fiber gets tacky at 4550F (2350C) which is slightly above that of • nylon. At higher temperatures, it will melt. • Dye – Some times of acrylic are specific to acid dyes and some to basic dyes

  15. Physical Properties • Handle: Acrylic has a warm and dry hand like wool. • Density: Its density is 1.17 g/cc as compared to 1.32 g/cc of wool. It is about 30% bulkier than wool. It has about 20% greater insulating power than wool. • Mositure regain: Acrylic has a moisture regain of 1.5-2% at 65% RH and 70 deg F.

  16. Physical Properties • It has a tenacity of 5 gpd in dry state and 4-8 gpd in wet state. • Breaking elongation is 15% ( both states). • It has a elastic recovery of 85% after 4% extension when the load is released immediately. • It has a good thermal stability. When exposed to temperatures above 175 deg C for prolonged periods some discoloration takes place. • Acrylic shrinks by about 1.5% when treated with boiling water for 30 min. 

  17. Uses • Sweaters • Knit garments • Faux Fur • Coats • Pants • Skirts • Shoe soles • Blankets, furniture covers, • Hosiery

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