Causes of the US civil War

1. Causes of the US civil War

2. Leading to a Civil War • Events leading to the Secession of the South • Sucession "to withdraw formally from a union or alliance” Southern individual states nullified their ratification of the U.S. constitution

3. The Process of Secession

4. LEADING TO A CIVIL WAR • Events Leading to the Secession of the South • Political Sectionalism • Missouri Compromise • Gag Rule • Compromise of 1850 • Wilmot Proviso • Kansas Nebraska Act 1854 • Dred Scot Decision 1857 • Election of 1860

5. Slave and Free Territories Under the Compromise of 1850

6. Leading to a Civil War • The Confederate States of America • Constitution 1787 (1789 9 states ratified - 4 didn't) • established government • Constitution states that states can't coin money and can’t maintain an army but can they secede? • Southern Position held that the Constitution did not automatically bind states • Individual States first . . . then United STATES UNITED

7. Leading to a Civil War • The Confederate States of America • Individual States first . . . then United STATES UNITED • 11 southern states seceded and formed their own country • North says no you can't leave = 4 long years of fighting • CIVIL (internal) War - settle question about whether a state can succeed • Pre Civil War The United States are • Post Civil War The United States is

8. The Election of 1860

9. Leading to a Civil War • The Confederate States of America • Radicals - fire eaters • South Carolinians since Nullification Controversy • South Carolina state convention Dec 20, 1860 • repeal ratification of federal constitution • 6 weeks later MI, Fl, GA, Al, LA, TX succeed • Delegates to Montgomery Alabama • organized themselves as the C.S. of A. • Jefferson Davis - President ( Mississippi)

10. The Process of Secession

11. Leading to a Civil War • Causes Leading to A Civil War 1. Conspiracy President Country • North Lincoln 1860 USA • South J. Davis 1861 CSA • Each side felt the other was conspiring against the other • Laws & measures that inhibited the south Congress controlled by north - DAVIS • North doesn't want to control south - south wants to expand into the west LINCOLN • Each side didn't trust in an economic or political sense

12. Leading to a Civil War • Causes Leading to A Civil War 2. Constitutional UNITED STATES VS. STATES UNITED • South- separate individual states form the union • since states formed the union they can opt out • North- the union created the states by the constitution • If the union is dissolved there is nothing • LINCOLN WAS FIGHTING TO SAVE THE UNION NOT TO FREE THE SLAVES (a political move) • Lincoln was a federalist & constitutionalist

13. Leading to a Civil War • Causes Leading to A Civil War 3. Growth of Slavery • South had 4 million slaves • Slave owners 25% • 17 % 1-9 slaves • 7% 10-99 slaves • .1% 100+ • very few had large plantations • small minority of controlling whites controlled southern society • Labor intensive agricultural society • slaves imported because can't get enough whites to do the labor

14. Leading to a Civil War • Causes Leading to A Civil War 3. Slavery • Davis - the Blacks have a better condition under the superior White race “docile savages to bodily comforts and religious instruction” • Lincoln- not in favor of bringing about the social or economic equality of African slaves “There must be the position of inferior/superior” Lincoln 1858 Lincoln was a product of his own culture. Freeing of slaves not a matter of equality!!! Yet he was against the concept of slavery SAVE THE UNION

15. Leading to a Civil War • Causes Leading to A Civil War 4. Economic • Labor • South - free labor North - paid labor • Tariffs • North wanted to protect their products artificial inflation of imports • South faced reciprocal tariffs when they exported their agricultural products South Against High Tariffs North Against Free Labor

16. Leading to a Civil War • Causes Leading to A Civil War 4. Economic • North passes laws in congress because of an imbalance in voting power • 19 Free States • 15 Slave States

17. Leading to a Civil War • Causes Leading to A Civil War 5. Nature of a Republic • What is a Republic? • Representative Democracy • Freedom to choose South choose to leave under this freedom Under another system this would not have happened!

18. Leading to a Civil War • ". . . it presents the question whether discontented individuals too few in numbers to control administration according to organic law in any case, can always upon the pretenses made in this case, or on any other pretense, break up their government, and thus practically put an end to free government upon the earth. It forces us to ask: Is there, in all republics, this inherent and fatal weakness? Must a government, of necessity be too strong for the liberties of its own people or too weak to maintain its own existence?" Lincoln - July 4, 1861 following Ft. Sumter

19. And so it begins….. • April 12 and 13, 1861, the Confederate shelling on Ft. Sumter in Charleston Harbor officially started the US Civil War which will eventually take: • 1,100,000 casualties • 620,000 lives • Millions of dollars of damage • Billions of dollars of damage to agriculture • Countless other emotional, physical and mental injuries and damage to soldiers and citizens alike.