哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术

1. 哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 吴克亮 中国农业大学动物科技学院 2014/8/6

2. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 目录 • 产房的主要设备 • 哺乳仔猪饲养管理的的总体目标 • 哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术

3. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 一、产房的主要设备

4. Sow * Durable *Cool *Non-slip Pig area Pig area *Warm *Dry *Comfortable Manure area *sanitation 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 一、产房的主要设备

5. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 一、产房的主要设备 Heat Mat Heat Lamp

6. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 一、产房的主要设备 Farrowing Hover

7. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 二、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的目标 总体的目标 • Maximize pig survival • Maximize pig weight at weaning

8. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 二、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的目标 Production Benchmarks • Preweaning Mortality 6~9% • objectives for weaning weights Age 15d 18d 21d 25d 28d Kg 4.8 5.4 6.0 6.8 7.5

9. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 二、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的目标 • Starts at birth • Each additional 1/4 lb at birth = 1.5 days less to market (Stein, 1996) • Mahan (1993) reported • .6 lb difference at birth = 7.0 lb. Diff. at 23 days = 12.5 lb difference out of the grower = 11 days faster to 230 lb. • No difference observed in FE or Carcass lean *Increasing weaning weight 1 pound increases weight out of the nursery by 2.18 pounds. (Akey Inc. August, 1997)

10. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 二、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的目标 —初生仔猪的第一周的死亡率高，① 第一周，82%，② 第二周，10% ③ 第三周4%，④ 第四周以上4% —初生仔猪死亡的主要因素：①压、踩：47.7%，②弱仔死亡：18.6%; ③营养不良、生长发育不良11.7%,④下痢,4.1%;⑤其他原因,17.9% On best farms, pre-weaning mortality is between 6 and 9 %

11. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 三、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 1、加强初生仔猪的管理：初生仔猪的生理特性 • Has no antibodies against pathogens • No transfer of antibodies prepartum • Colostrum only way of getting passive immunity • Has only 1-2% body fat • little insulation to prevent body heat loss • Limited ability for gluconeogenesis • Cannot produce glucose from AA or glycerol

12. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 三、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 1、加强初生仔猪的管理：初生仔猪的生理特性 • Glycogen stores lasts for less than 24 h • Needs energy right away • Limited ability to regulate body temp. • Needs additional heat • Born wet • looses more body heat

13. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 三、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 1、加强初生仔猪的管理：尽快吃足初乳 • First and highest quality milk – quality declines over time • Drops by 50% within 6 hours • Disease-preventing immunity • Most important factor in piglet’s survival and long-term health • First-born piglets “hog” the best colostrum • Assist disadvantaged piglets • Collect colostrum and “tube” disadvantaged piglets

14. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 三、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 1、加强初生仔猪的管理：尽快吃足初乳 • Normal pigs will be on their feet within 1-2 min after being born • Within 2-5 min they will be suckling • The first born piglets will get most colostrum • Between meal, piglets will sleep • Normal piglets don’t need much care

15. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 三、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 1、加强初生仔猪的管理：尽快吃足初乳 Factors Limiting Colostrum Intake • Cold stress right after birth • Large litters which limit access to teats • Poor nutrition of the sow – fat improves quality of milk • Cold environment that keeps pigs inactive and huddled for warmth

16. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 三、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 1、加强初生仔猪的管理：对初产弱仔给予更多的照顾 • Normal • Up and moving quickly • Nursing within 10-15 minutes • Thrive without much help • Disadvantaged • Lightweight – less than 2½ to 2¾ pounds • Slow in getting to the udder • Chilled – thermal requirements not met • Weakened during the birth process

17. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 三、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 1、加强初生仔猪的管理：对初产弱仔给予更多的照顾 Reese, 1986. HFM/Nov. pp. 30-33

18. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 三、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 1、加强初生仔猪的管理：对初产弱仔给予更多的照顾 • Often born last in litter • get less colostrum • Often have low birth weight • difficulty competing for teat • receive less colostrum • Deprived of oxygen It takes a dedicated herdsman to secure survival of weak piglets

19. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 三、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 1、加强初生仔猪的管理：对初产弱仔给予更多的照顾 • Help them get started suckling • Stomach feed with colostrum or milkreplacer (or cow colostrum) • 15-20 ml per feeding • warm to 35oC • Inject glucose intraperitoneal • 15 - 20 ml per injection • warm to 35oC

20. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 三、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 1、加强初生仔猪的管理：保温防压 • Cold pigs can be warmed in water • dry them afterwards • Zone heating essential • 32-35oC • Baby pig area should be(32-35oC) for first few days, then (22-27oC) until weaning

21. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 三、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 1、加强初生仔猪的管理：认真做好日常管理工作 • Teeth clipping • Tail docking • Umbilical cord disinfection • Medication • Tape spray legged pigs • Ear notching

22. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 三、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 2、选择性寄养 • Lowest preweaning mortality is in heaviest birth weight litters with lowest variation • Use crossfostering to even up litters and match number of pigs with the sow’s ability to raise them • Management Tips • Colostrum from their dam before moving • Standardize by number and size

23. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 三、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 2、选择性寄养 • Move pigs within 24-48 h post partum • Give all sows 10-12 pigs (move as few pigs as possible) • Make nurse sows if too many piglets • Use older sows weaned at 14 d for this • Move all small pigs into same litter • Use 2nd parity sow for these pigs

24. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 三、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 3、预防仔猪腹泻 • Big production headache • Watery feces, wet tails, dehydration • Viruses still cause major problems • TGE, rotavirus (combination with other pathogens) • E. coli – most common cause of scours • Affect the intestines, causing diarrhea • Cause significant death loss • Vaccinate sows with strain on the farm • AIAO, sanitation • Various treatment regimens

25. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 三、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 4、预防缺铁性贫血：补铁 • Pig is born with low body stores of Fe • Born with 40 mg, uses 7 mg daily • Sow’s milk is low in Fe content • Attempts to increase are not successful • No contact with soil in today’s systems • Rapid growth of baby pig

26. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 三、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 4、预防缺铁性贫血：补铁 • Poor growth • Listlessness, weak • Rough hair coat • Pale • Labored breathing • Prevention • Oral iron • Injection – usually 200 mg

27. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 三、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 5、提早开食补料 • Sow’s milk usually declines at 12-16 days • Start at 10 – 12 days • Use palatable feed – flavoring agents • Make water available • Feed on mat or in shallow pan and keep fresh • Some debate on value if pigs are weaned at < 21 days

28. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 三、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 6、适宜断奶 • Wean 1 or 2 biggest pigs after 14 d • Give more room and milk for remaining pigs in litter • Can improve litter weaning weights.

29. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 三、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 6、适宜断奶 • Easier to wean pigs - fewer diseases in nursery pigs • Less expensive feed needed • Easier to introduce in W/F systems? • Improved litter size in sows • Fewer non-productive sow days • Improved sow longevity??

30. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 三、哺乳仔猪饲养管理的关键技术 7、其他需要注意的问题 • Get all piglets up and running around • Look for diarrhea • Look for pigs that are limping • Look for pigs that are starving • Look for pigs that stay under the heat lamp

31. 哺乳仔猪的饲养管理关键技术 谢谢大家 ！