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Afelion and perihelion

Afelion and perihelion. Intoduction. The orbits of some planets are almost perfect circles, but others are not. Some orbits are shaped more like ovals. Scientists call these oval shapes "ellipses“.

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Afelion and perihelion

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  1. Afelion and perihelion

  2. Intoduction • The orbits of some planets are almost perfect circles, but others are not. Some orbits are shaped more like ovals. • Scientists call these oval shapes "ellipses“. • Since the Sun is not at the center of an elliptical orbit, the planet moves closer towards and further away from the Sun as it orbits.

  3. Introduction • The place where the planet is closest to the Sun is called perihelion • When the planet is furthest away from the Sun, it is at aphelion. • The words "aphelion" and"perihelion" come from the Greek language. • In Greek, "helios" mean Sun,"peri" means near, and "apo" means away from.

  4. How to find Distance? • If you want to find distance, you must know • Eccentricity of an Orbit, • Semi-major axis, • Sun’s diameters when she is in perihelion and aphelion.

  5. Formulas • You will need these formulas: • Where ais the mean distance to the Sun, • e the eccentricity of an ellipse. • da– Sun’s diameter in aphelion • dp–Sun’sdiameterinperihelion. • aA - distance in aphelion. • ap- distance in perihelion.

  6. Targets • To finddistancefromEarth to Sun. • To findthe eccentricity. • To comparesun‘sdiametersinphotos. • To comparerezults. • To findout, whyiscold in winter.

  7. ?

  8. Hypothesis • I think, thatdistanceinperihelionandafelionwill be veryclose to Semi-major axis.

  9. Workprogres • I found 2 Sunpictures , whensheisinaphelionandperihelion.

  10. I gauged sun’s diameters. da=7,9cm dp=8,15cm

  11. I found

  12. I found how many persent differentiate sun diameters in aphelion and perihelion.

  13. I found the eccentricity.

  14. I found aAandad • For the Earth a = 149,600,000 km Aphelion: Perihelion:

  15. Whyiscoldinwinter? • I found out why is cold in winter. Earth reaches perihelion, its closest approach to the Sun and when you might think it should be warmest, in January - the middle of winter in the Northern Hemisphere! The difference in distance is not the cause of our seasons. Instead, seasons are caused by the tilt of Earth's axis.

  16. Results

  17. Inference • My Hypothesishadreasserted. • Now I know what’s mean eccentricity, perihelion and aphelion. • I know how to find eccentricity, perihelion and aphelion. • I know why in summer are warm and why in winter are cold. • If you want to fly in the Sun, you must fly in winter, because distance is the shortest in winter.

  18. Thanks

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