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Lesson Overview

Lesson Overview. 34.2 Glands of the Endocrine System. Pituitary Gland . Pituitary gland = bean-sized structure that dangles on a slender stalk of tissue at the base of the brain (off the hypothalamus )

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Lesson Overview

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  1. Lesson Overview 34.2 Glands of the Endocrine System

  2. Pituitary Gland • Pituitary gland = bean-sized structure that dangles on a slender stalk of tissue at the base of the brain (off the hypothalamus) • Some of the hormones released by the pituitary control other glands, while others affect other types of tissues

  3. Hypothalamus • Hypothalamus = controls the secretions of the pituitary gland and is the link between the central nervous system and the endocrine system • Hormones are made in the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland • When the pituitary gland is stimulated, it releases the hormones into the blood

  4. Adrenal Glands • The adrenal glands are pyramid-shaped structures that sit on top of the kidneys. • The adrenal glands release hormones that help the body deal with stress • The “fight or flight” response is produced when impulses from the sympathetic nervous system stimulate the adrenal glands to release large amounts of adrenaline

  5. Pancreas • The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions • As an exocrine gland, the pancreas releases enzymes that help digest food • As an endocrine gland, the pancreases releases insulin and glucagon help to keep the blood glucose (sugar) level stable • Insulin = decreases blood sugar [stores sugar inside other cells] • Glucagon = increases blood sugar [removes stored sugar from other cells]

  6. Thyroid Gland • Thyroid gland = uses iodine to produce hormones that increase metabolism (causing cells to become more active, use more energy, and produce more heat) • Thyroid gland is located at the base of the neck and wraps around the upper part of the trachea

  7. Parathyroid Glands • Parathyroid hormone = increases calcium levels in the blood by: • promoting the release of calcium from bone • the reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys • the uptake of calcium from the digestive system.

  8. Reproductive Glands • The gonads—ovaries and testes—are the body’s reproductive glands. • The gonads serve two functions: production of gametes and secretion of sex hormones. • Females = ovaries produce eggs and secrete hormones called estrogens • Males = testes produce sperm and secrete the hormone testosterone

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