Geologi ialah suatu bidang tentang bumi

1. Geologi ialah suatu bidang tentang bumi Kejuruteraan adalah suatu bidang berkaitan dengan reka bentuk (design): selamat dan ekonomi

2. GEOLOGI KEJURUTERAN AHLI GEOLOGI & JURUTERA

3. Engineering geology is the application of geological data, techniques and principles to the study of rock and soil surficial materials, and ground water. This is essential for the proper location, planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance of engineering structures. Engineering geology complements environmental geology, or hydrogeology.

4. Engineering geologists assess the natural foundations for buildings, bridges, dams, reservoirs, powerplants, pipelines, highways, canals, sewers, tunnels, mine adits and harbours. Design of these structures requires a thorough knowledge of the mechanical properties and stability of the rocks and sediments that will carry these structures. Engineering geologists need to anticipate the impact of subsidence, rains, floods, landslides, volcanoes and earthquakes on the foundations that bear these structures. They explore the physical and chemical properties of structural materials (sand, gravel, cement, clay), and water in and around construction sites. They advise on land use and on the planning and location of new urban and industrial development in cities. They examine and report on waste disposal sites, and particularly those for the disposal of nuclear wastes.

5. Engineering geologists must solve practical engineering problems. Basic university geology courses include physical and historical geology, geomorphology, glacial geology, mineralogy and petrology. Courses in sedimentology, stratigraphy, structural geology, and geophysics are also taken. Other topics include soil and rock mechanics, hydrogeology, air photo interpretation, site investigation and urban geology. Canada is a northern country with over half its land mass underlain by some type of perenially frozen ground so engineering geologists are focussing increasing attention on permafrost problems. Current global warming trends are likely to intensify the melting of ice, causing sediment stability problems for the foundations of structures

6. Most engineering geologists work for consulting firms in engineering geology, geotechnical engineering or environmental assessment. Many are employed in provincial and federal surveys. Others are involved with large urban and industrial development and construction firms. Still more are at universities or research institutions. The petroleum industry also takes its share. The demand for engineering geologists is high, and there are small numbers of graduates (about 100 each year) from Canadian universities

7. Definition Engineering geology is devoted to the investigation, study and solution of the engineering and enviromental problems which may arise as the result of the interaction between geology and the works and activities of man as well as the prediction and the development of measures for prevention or remediation of Geological hazards (IAEG Statutes, 1992)

8. Engineering geology, as a science, is concerned with the applications of the principles of geology to civil (and to some extent, mining) engineering, so that the engineer can take into account these geological aspects which control the economy, and safety of the structure which is required to design and construct (Beavis, 1985)

9. sambung Beavis lagi … All civil engineering works are constructed on, or in rock and soil masses. It is essential therefore that the civil engineer be aware of the history, nature, and the properties of the rocks and soils. Equally, it is essential for the geologist, who is to work with the engineer, to have some knowledge of engineering requirements.

10. Engineering geology embraces: • the definition of the geomorphology, structure, stratigraphy, lithology and ground water conditions of geological formations; • the characterisation of the mineralogical, physico-geomechanical, chemical and hydraulic properties of all earth materials involved in construction, resource recovery and environmental change; • the assessment of the mechanical and hydrological behaviour of soil and rock masses; • the prediction of changes to the above properties with time; • the determination of the parameters to be considered in the stability analysis of engineering works and earth masses; the improvement and maintenance of the environmental condition and properties of the terrain.

11. Lihat kitar geologi (dari manusia dan geologi)

12. science • To observe • To collect data • To plot data • To evaluate and analyze data • To derive conclusion: hyphotheses or theorizes, facts or illusion, truth or lies

13. Jurutera merekabentuk untuk • Keselamatan • Keuntungan $$$$

14. Sebuah madah … A SCIENTIST DISCOVERS AN ENGINEER DESIGNS

15. Konsep2 asas geologi • Sistem solar dan kejadiannya • Bumi: struktur dalam, Tektonik Keping, proses kejadian di permukaan dan di dalam bumi • Batuan dan mineral, dan kejadiannya • Batuan igneus dan kejadiannya, dan gunung berapi • Luluhawa dan batuan mendak (stratigrafi) • Batuan metamorfik • Masa geologi dan fosil

16. Hidrologi: air tanah • Cangaan (struktur geologi) • Peta geologi, Peta Topografi, persekitaran geologi (enviromen kejadian dan pemendapan) • Sifat2 kejuruteraan tanah, batuan dan air • Kajian tapak: geologi, geokimia, geofiziks • Kegunaan geologi dalam kejuruteraan: sumber alam (air, mineral, bijih, gas asli, petroleum, batuan, pasir, tanahliat) • Contoh2 kes penyelesaian masalah dalam kejuruteraan: mekanik tanah dan batuan, tanah runtuh

17. Tujuan kursus • Memperkenalkan konsep2 asas geologi • Menunjukkan bagaimana konsep2 asas geologi digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah dalam bidang kejuruteraan (sama ada kejuruteraan awam, perlombongan, persekitaran, bahan, dll) • Hasilnya…kita menjadi lebih peka dengan sumber yang diberi oleh bumi (terhad) untuk dimanafaat dengan baik oleh manusia sejagat untuk mensejahtera kehidupan kita yang fana ini

18. Sebuah madah … A SCIENTIST DISCOVERS AN ENGINEER DESIGNS

19. Jurutera merekabentuk untuk 1 Keselamatan 2 Keuntungan $$$$

20. Tujuan kursus • Memperkenalkan konsep2 asas geologi • Menunjukkan bagaimana konsep2 asas geologi digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah dalam bidang kejuruteraan (sama ada kejuruteraan awam, perlombongan, persekitaran, bahan, dll) • Hasilnya…kita menjadi lebih peka dengan sumber yang diberi oleh bumi (terhad) untuk dimanafaat dengan baik oleh manusia sejagat demi kesejahteraan hidup kita yang fana in.

21. Konsep2 asas geologi • Sistem solar dan kejadiannya • Batuan dan mineral, dan kejadiannya • Masa geologi • Proses kejadian permukaan bumi • Proses kejadian dalam bumi • Sumber alam (air, mineral, bijih, gas asli, petrroleum, batuan, pasir, tanahliat) • Persekitaran geologi

22. Matlamat pembelajaran-pengajaran • Learn to know • Learn to do • Learn to know and how to do Matlamat ujian/peperiksaan ? ? ? sekelumit falsafah

23. Somebody says • Knowledge is power! What do you think?

24. What do you think? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

25. Somebody also says • APPLIED knowledge is power Do you agree?

26. pandangan bumi dari landsat images

28. Earthquakes hits Hindu Kush, Afghanistan

29. Anti-Atlas Mountains, Morocco

30. Africa's Great Lakes

31. Iceland Iceland

32. Snow in Northeast US

33. Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman

34. Haro and Kas Hills, India

35. Facts and figures • Bumi dilitupi 71% oleh air dan 29 % oleh daratan (landmass) • Didiami oleh manusia ….. • Didiami oleh haiwan ….. • Didiami oleh fauna dan flora …..

37. pandangan dalam bumi

39. seismology • P waves: surface waves, longitudinal/compressional/push-pull type trasmitted parallel to the line of propagation; moves faster than S waves at V = 6-8 km/s; first to arrive • S waves: surface waves also, transverse/shear; particles moves sideways and wave motion is transmitted in a shear fashion, transverse to the line of propagation; Vel = 3-4 km/s

40. Cont- • S waves are not transmitted thru fluids; cause the earthquakes (principal shaking) • P waves moves thru solid and liquid phases • P & S waves: moves faster in dense rx than in loose, low density materials: both felt by people

42. Facts and figures • Kerak • Mantel • Teras luar • Teras dalam

44. Pantulan gelombang

45. isostacy