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FOSSILS

FOSSILS. By Wendy McDonnal. VOCABULARY. BODY FOSSIL CAST COPROLITE DECAY EROSION EXCAVATE EXTINCT FOSSIL FOSSIL RECORD IMPRESSION. MOLD PALEONTOLOGY PALEONTOLOGIST PETRIFIED TRACE FOSSIL SEDIMENTARY ROCK. WHAT IS A FOSSIL? WHAT IS THE STUDY OF FOSSILS CALLED?

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FOSSILS

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  1. FOSSILS By Wendy McDonnal

  2. VOCABULARY • BODY FOSSIL • CAST • COPROLITE • DECAY • EROSION • EXCAVATE • EXTINCT • FOSSIL • FOSSIL RECORD • IMPRESSION • MOLD • PALEONTOLOGY • PALEONTOLOGIST • PETRIFIED • TRACE FOSSIL • SEDIMENTARY ROCK

  3. WHAT IS A FOSSIL? • WHAT IS THE STUDY OF FOSSILS CALLED? • WHERE ARE FOSSILS FOUND? • HOW DO FOSSILS OCCUR? • WHY STUDY FOSSILS?

  4. WHAT IS A FOSSIL?

  5. What is a fossil? Fossils can be a: ~ PLANT ~ANIMAL ~Organisim * Fossils are the remains or traces of animals or plants that once lived on earth and have been preserved by natural causes in earth’s crust. It is important to know that not every plant or animal becomes a fossil. *The geological preservation processes take a long time. Many of the plants and animals lived more than 10,000 yearsago. However, some fossils which have been found are just several hundred years old. Fossils can be body parts of ancient organism such as bones, shells, teeth, or plant leaves. *Some examples of fossils include: A petrified (turned to stone) skull of a rodent. A petrified bird’s nest. A seashell mold in stone. A carbon residue image of a leaf in stone. A canine’s paw-print in a rock. A stone cast of a beaver’s burrow. A frozen (intact) wooly mammoth in an ancient glacier.

  6. Fossil Shrimp (cretaceous) found in Lebanon

  7. Priscacara liops fossil fish Class Actinopterygii, Order Perciformes: Family Priscacaridae Eocene Green River Formation, Kemmerer, Wyoming (18 Inch Layer) 10 inches long

  8. What is the study of fossils called?

  9. What is the study of fossils called? ~PALEONTOLOGY~ A person who studies fossils is called a Paleontologist. Paleontologist at work, John Day Fossil Beds National Monument. (NPS Photo) A Palentologistexcavates fossils at a dig site using large tools such as picks, shovels, jack-hammers, or even explosives.

  10. FRAGILE! Excavation of fossils must be done very carefully to avoid breakage. Before removal, a quick-setting glue can be applied using a brush or sprayer. Paleontologist carefully chips rock matrix from a column of dinosaur vertebrae.

  11. Preparation of fossil bones of Europasaurus holgeri. A Paleontologist working in a lab. Before being transported to the lab, small fossils are packed carefully in boxes or bags. Large fossils can be wrapped in paper or burlap with a layer of plaster applied (like setting a broken bone). Small hand tools: trowels, hammers, whisks, and dental tools.

  12. Where are fossils found?

  13. Where are fossils found? *Fossils are found world-wide. Some of the locations are: ~ Ocean Waters ~ http://legalplanet.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/ocean-turtle.jpg

  14. Highest slopes of Mountains

  15. Antartica Adéliepenguins chicks in Antarctica with MS Explorer and an iceberg at back ground. The image was taken in January, 1999. MS Explorer sank on November 23, 2007 after hitting an iceberg in Antarctica.

  16. Sahara Desert Leaving traces on soft sand dunes in Tadrart Acacus a desert area in western Libya, part of the Sahara.

  17. HOW DO FOSSILS OCCUR?

  18. HOW DO FOSSILS OCCUR?Fossilization Process: *A plant or animal dies. *Sediments (often in water) cover the organism and preserve it so that it slowly decays. *Over time, usually thousands of years, the sediments harden into sedimentary rock around the remains. *After the organism completely decays, an imprint and empty space is left inside the rock – Mold. *Sometimes minerals filter into the empty space and harden into the shape of the dead animal or plant –Cast.

  19. Different kinds of fossils can be found.Four types of fossils:1. Mold fossil 2. Cast fossil 3. Trace fossil 4. True form fossil

  20. MOLD FOSSIL: A mold is an imprint of an organism or its trace. For example, a shell can make an imprint in sand. www.maine.gov/doc/nrimc/mgs/explore/fossils/past.shell.jpg

  21. CAST FOSSIL: A cast fossil is formed when a mold fossil is filled with sediment. Ammonite Photograph of a fossilammoniteJeletzkytes spedeni taken by Dlloyd. The specimen is from the Maastrichtian (Upper-Cretaceous) Fox Hills Formation. Locality - South Dakota, USA. Matrix free specimen, 7.5 cm (3") in diameter, displaying pearly aragonite preservation of the shell.

  22. Trace fossil: A trace fossil can be footprints hardened into stone, burrows, or coprolite (animal poop). Footprint impressions are left from an animal crossing a wet surface of sediment which later hardens into rock.

  23. True form fossil: Ice Age mammoths from approximately 35,000 years ago were frozen in North America or Siberian Tundra. They were preserved so well that their last meals remain undigested in their stomachs! www.no-pest.com/WoollyMammoth.htm

  24. Insect Fossil http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~pgore/myphotos/fossils/insect1.jpg Many insects have been found in Amber – sticky tree sap.

  25. More than 250,000 fossils have been recovered from Rancho La Brea Saber Tooth CatSpecies: Smilodon fatalis.Age: Pleistocene.Location: Rancho La Brea, California, USA.Size: 6 feet 8" long. [Scale 1:1]

  26. Why should we study fossils?

  27. Why should we study fossils?*We can learn about plants and extinct animals from the past, such as dinosaurs.*We can learn about the history of earth. *We can learn about the environment which the organisms lived in.*We can learn what impact climate change has on living organisms.

  28. RESOURCESJohn Day Fossil Beds National Monument www.nps.gov/jodawww.fossils-facts-and-finds.com/how_are_fossils_formed.htmlwww.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/dinofossils/Fossilhow.htmlwww.learnerscience.com/docments/fossilsciencefairprojects.htmlwww.tarpits.org/education/guide/index.htmlwww.nasmus.co.za/PALEO/jbotha/paleo101.htmwww.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/explorations/tours/fossil//index.htmlwww.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/explorations/tours/fossil/guide/guide.html

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