大学英语四级辅导系列讲座

1. 大学英语四级辅导系列讲座 基础篇 阅读理解 主讲教师:郭俊

2. 基础能力培养 阅读分类讲解 • 词汇理解 • 篇章理解 • 长难句分析技巧 • 问题分析技巧 • 经济类 • 人文类 • 科技类 • 综合类 完形填空 快速阅读 • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4

3. 词 汇 理 解 长句分析能力 篇章分析能力 问题分析能力及答题技巧 大学英语四级考试阅读基础要求

4. 词汇的理解 (一)表示强烈转折的词汇 (二)表示因果关系的词汇 (三)表示观点、态度、结论的词汇

5. （一）表示强烈转折的词汇 practically virtually indeed nevertheless in fact however But yet

6. Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids ( ) that race across the night sky . Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don’t threaten us . But there are also thousands of asteroids whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth . What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth ? (A)It is very unlikely but the danger exists . (B)Such a collision might occur once every 25 years . (C)Collisions of smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected . (D)It’s still too early to say whether such a collision might occur . √

7. The sensation of sound involves a variety of factors in addition to its speak level . Advertisers are skillful at creating the impression of loudness through their expect use of such factors . One major contributor to the perceived loudness of commercials is that much less variation in sound level occurs during a commercial . In regular programming the intensity of sound varies over a large range . However , sound levels in commercials tend to stay at or near peak levels . Commercials create the sensation of loudness because ____. (A)TV stations always operated at the highest sound levels (B) Their sound levels are kept around peak levels (C)Their sound levels are kept in the middle frequency ranges (D)Unlike regular programs their intensity of sound varies over a wide range √

8. 1.名词 base , basis , result , consequence , reason 2.动词 cause , result in , result from , follow from , base on , be due to 3.介词或连词 because , since , for , as , therefore , so ， thus,why , with 4.副词 as a result , consequently 二、表示因果关系的词汇

9. Historically , most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance , not for health-related reasons , but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics . However , in recent years , evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well . The American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans . Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000 : National Health Promotion and Prevention Objectives . √ People were given physical fitness tests in order to find out ___. (A)how well they could do in athletics (B)what their health condition was like (C)what kind of fitness center was suitable for them (D)whether they were fit for aerobic exercise

10. Yet Rosa could not find any evidence that it works . To provide such proof , TT therapists would have to sit down for independent testing –something they haven’t been eager to do , even though James Randi has offered more than $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate the existence of a human energy field .( He’s had one taker so far . She failed .) A skeptic might conclude that TT practitioners are afraid to lay their beliefs on the line . But who could turn down an innocent fourth-grader ? Says Emily : ‘ I think they didn’t take me very seriously because I’m a kid ’ Why did some TT practitioners agree to be the subjects of Emily’s experiment ? (A)It involved nothing more than mere guessing . (B)They thoughts it was going to be a lot of fun . (C)It was more straightforward than other experiments . (D)0They sensed no harm in a little girl’s experiment . √

11. 1.表示观点、态度的标志词 Argue , ask , suggest , show , believe , conclude , concern , explain , say 表示观点、态度、结论的词汇

12. He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided . If keeping up with the action is not so important , their physical condition is less critical . What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment ? (A)The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45. (B)Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee. (C)A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible . (D)An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition . √

13. The real concern , then is not that we weigh too much , but that we neither exercise enough nor eat well . Exercise is necessary for strong bones and both heart and lung health . A balanced diet without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases . We should surely stop paying so much attention to weight . Simply being thin is not enough . It is actually hazardous if those who get ( or already are ) thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall life-style . Thinness can be pure vainglory (虚荣). What’s the author’s advice to women who are absorbed in the idea of thinness ? (A)They should be more concerned with their overall lifestyle . (B)They should be more watchful for fatal diseases . (C)They should gain weight to look healthy. (D)They should rid themselves of fantasies about designer clothes . √

14. 2、表示研究结论标志词 Turn out , find out , reveal 表示观点、态度、结论的词汇

15. Since we are social beings , the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships . One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances . Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties . Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles ( 困难) People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties .(1) Studies over a range of illnesses , from depression to heart disease , reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off (挡开) illness , and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely .

16. (2) Social support cushions stress in a number of ways . First , friends , relatives , and co-workers may let us know that they value us . Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties . Second , other people often provide us with informational support . They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them . Third , we typically find social companionship supportive . Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移 注意力)us from our worries and troubles . Finally , other people may give us instrumental support-financial aid , material resources , and needed services –that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems. Research shows that people’s physical and mental health ___. (A)relies on the social welfare systems which support them . (B)has much to do with the amount of support they get from others . (C)depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles (D)is closely related to their strength for coping with major changes in their lives . √

17. When school officials in Kalkaska , Michigan , closed classed last week, the media flocked to the story , portraying the town’s 2305 students as victims of stingy (吝啬的)taxpayers . There is some truth to that : the property-tax rate her is one-third lower than the state average . But shutting their schools also allowed Kalkaska’s educators and the state’s largest teachers’ union , the Michigan Education Association , to make a political point . Their aim was to spur passage the state’s share of school funding . One of the purposes for which school officials closed classes was ___. (A)to avoid paying retirement benefits to teachers and staff (B)to draw the attention of local taxpayers to political issues (C)to make the financial difficulties of their teachers and staff known to the public (D)to pressure Michigan lawmakers into increasing state funds for local schools √

18. （二）长句分析能力 分析理解而非翻译背诵 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 主语+谓语+宾语 主语+谓语+表语 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 主语+谓语

19. 例句分析： The first time that the question “ What is at the bottom of the oceans ? ” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to American was proposed . 具体步骤： 长难句子划分为若干个简单句子。 找出关联词汇，确定逻辑关系。找出主、从句。 分别理解主句和从句。 当人们提议铺设一条连接欧洲和美洲的海底电缆是，出于商业动机，人们第一次回答了海底到底有什的问题。

25. 长难句子分析 独立主格——状语 Other things being equal , a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. 名词+现在分词 在其他条件相同的条件下，一个能够有效表达自我的人与一个表达能力相对较差的人相比，能够更快地取得成功。 A number of officials followed the emperor , some to hold his robe , others to adjust his girdle , and so on . 许多官员尾随皇帝之后，有的拎着皇帝的衣袍，有的则给他整腰带等。

26. 2、倒装句 Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without government , I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter .Only when total production expands faster than the rate of labor force growth plus the rate of productivity increase minus the rate at which average annual hours fall does the unemployment rate fall. 只有当总产量的增长快于劳动力增长加上生产力的增长并减去年平均工作时间的增长时，失业率才会下降。 Neither in medicine , nor in law , government , or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying , “ What you don’t know can’t hurt you ” 在医学界、法律界、政界或社会科学界，人们都不能用“眼不见心不烦”这句老话来宽慰自己。

27. 2。复合句 Given the lack of fit between gifted students and their schools , it is not surprising that such students often have little good to say about their school experience . 考虑到天才学生和学校之间格格不入，这些学生对于学校生活没有好评也就不足为奇了。 Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed man nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield behind which the most inhuman acts are committed . 否定人有固定本性观点的潮流中，另外一个因素是这个观点经常被当作保护罩滥用，以庇护那些不人道的行为。

28. If it could be established that life arose independently on Mars and Earth , the finding would provide the first concrete clues in one of the deepest mysteries in all of science : the prevalence of life in the universe . 如果能证明火星和地球上的生命都是独立产生的，就能为第一次解决一个科学上最深奥的谜团提供具体的线索，即宇宙中是否普遍存在生命。 Bill Gates , the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree , is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world’s favorite academic title : the MBA (Master of Business Administration ) 比尔盖次是微软公司的主席，他腰缠万贯但还没有获得一个大学学位， 他的成功使人们开始重新质疑商界最崇尚的学位-MBA的价值。