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Retarget Open64 with an Object-Oriented ADL

This paper presents advancements in Open64 by leveraging an object-oriented architecture description language (ADL), specifically OpenDL. As embedded processors become increasingly complex, detailed and error-prone architecture descriptions pose challenges for compiler design. The proposed object-oriented approach reduces redundancy and improves maintainability. Additionally, the paper discusses various related works, including structural, behavioral, and mixed ADLs such as MIMOLA and LISA, emphasizing their strengths and weaknesses. Through experiments on the PowerPC 7447A, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

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Retarget Open64 with an Object-Oriented ADL

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  1. Retarget Open64 with an Object-Oriented ADL Zhen Cao Tsinghua University

  2. Introduction • expressive, concise and high-quality architecture description languages (ADLs) desired • embedded processors are growing complex • describing detailed architecture information for compilers are more and more complicated • ADL description is tedious and error-prone to maintain • redundancy, consistency • object-oriented ADL OpenDL • reduced redundancy

  3. Related Work • Structural • MIMOLA (MSSQ) • HDL-like, as a netlist of register-transfer modules • Behavioral • nML (CHESS), ISDL (AVIV) • instruction-set level, no explicit pipeline • Mixed • MDes, Expression (Trimaran) • LISP-like, split description into instruction-set and structural • LISA (CoSy), RADL • C-like, extension works add semantics to structural behavior • ArchC (SystemC and C++) • storage-based consistency coverification • No object-oriented mechanism supported

  4. OpenDL Specification • Register Description • Instruction Set • ABI • Architecture Parameters

  5. Register Definition

  6. Instruction Set Primitive Instruction

  7. Instruction Set Compose Instuction Side-Effect Instuction

  8. ABI

  9. Inheritance Mechanisms • Instruction Amalgamation • Pattern Abstraction • Common Information Extraction

  10. Instruction Amalgamation • instructions of a group perform much like each other except for routine behaviors • syntax form, i.e. add, add., addo, addo. • . form affects LT, GT, EQ, SO of CR0 • o form affects SO, OV of XER • define a class to describe the four syntax forms • describe primitive instructions • apply syntax form class to primitive instruction to automatically generate instructions with syntax forms

  11. Instruction Amalgamation Syntax Class Syntax Application

  12. Pattern Abstraction • instructions of the same operation type usually form a decorator pattern • add, addc, adde, addi, addic, addis • carrying, extended, immediate • decorators apply to mul, and, etc • abstract decorators as semantic classes • designate decorators to primitive instructions to generate decorated instructions

  13. Pattern Abstraction Decorator Classes Decorator Application

  14. Common Information Extraction • instructions can be sorted into a few classes • integer and float-point arithmetic, bit-operation, memory access, SIMD, data transfer between gp and control registers • and, or, nand, nor, xor • extract common information out as operation classes • instructions inherit operation classes

  15. Common Information Extraction Operation Class Operation Application

  16. Compression Results

  17. Backend Framework

  18. Experiments • Apple iBook G4 • PowerPC 7447A 1.33GHz • 1GB Memory • Ubuntu 8.04 • kernel version 2.6.24-23-powerpc • GCC 4.1.3 • Open64 4.2

  19. GCC-Torture Results

  20. SPEC2000 Results

  21. Comparison of Targets

  22. Thanks

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