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The Legacy of Progressivism

The Legacy of Progressivism. A Helping Hand to Those in Need, or Just Enough to Keep the Rebellion at Bay?. Supporters of the Progressive Movement. The middle classes Women Former Populists Muckraking journalists Politicians from both major parties. Causes of Progressivism.

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The Legacy of Progressivism

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  1. The Legacy of Progressivism A Helping Hand to Those in Need, or Just Enough to Keep the Rebellion at Bay?

  2. Supporters of the Progressive Movement • The middle classes • Women • Former Populists • Muckraking journalists • Politicians from both major parties

  3. Causes of Progressivism

  4. Accomplishments on the State and Local Levels • Settlement House Movement (Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr) • Birth Control (Margaret Sanger and Planned Parenthood) • Regulation of public utilities • Pragmatic education (John Dewey) • City commissions and city managers

  5. Hull House

  6. Women’s Rights Seeks a New Goal

  7. Progressivism, but not for African-Americans? • Black Rights actually diminish during the so-called Progressive Era • Slaughterhouse cases • Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) • Disenfranchisement in the South • Poll taxes • Literacy tests • Jim Crow laws • White Primaries

  8. Booker T. Washington Born in slavery Tuskegee Institute Pushes for economic advancement Atlanta “Compromise” speech W.E.B. DuBois Born free and Harvard educated Pushes for complete, immediate equality “Talented Tenth” Niagara Movement NAACP Support for Ida B. Wells’ anti-lynching crusade Yet the Fight Continues

  9. Accomplishments on the National Level • The Progressive Amendments: • 16th=progressive income taxes • 17th=direct election of Senators • 18th=national prohibition of alcohol • 19th=woman suffrage

  10. The Roosevelt Presidency • The 3 C’s of the Square Deal • Control of Corporations • Consumer Protections • Conservation

  11. Teddy the Trustbuster • 44 anti-trust lawsuits brought by the Justice Department beginning in 1904 with the Northern Securities case • 1903 Elkins Act • 1906 Hepburn Act • Creation of the Department of Labor and Commerce

  12. Are You a Good Trust or a Bad Trust?

  13. What Happens When The Jungle Makes You Puke into the Rose Garden? 1906 Meat Inspection Act

  14. 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act

  15. T.R. and Conservation • 125 million acres of timberland preserved • 1902 Newlands Act • Yosemite National Park (and other parks and monuments)

  16. TR and John Muir

  17. Taft’s Progressivism • Institutes 90 anti-trust lawsuits, including the case that broke up Standard Oil • 1910 Mann-Elkins Act includes telephones under the supervision of the ICC

  18. Taft’s Conservative “Betrayals” • 1909 Payne-Aldrich Tariff (leaves tariffs at nearly 41%) • 1909 Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy over the perceived misuse of federal lands • 1910 Angers progressives by supporting conservative Speaker of the House “Uncle Joe” Cannon when the House revolts against him

  19. The Election of 1912

  20. Wilson’s “New Freedom” • Goals • Banking and currency reform • Lower tariff • Labor reforms • Anti-trust • Agriculture reforms • Conservation • Health and sanitation

  21. What’s Actually Accomplished? • Attacking the “Triple Wall of Privilege” • 1913 Federal Reserve Act • 1913 Underwood Tariff (27%), included an income tax • 1914 Clayton Anti-trust Act

  22. A Little Help from Bob LaFollette • 1915 LaFollette Seaman’s Act • 1916 Federal Farm Act • 1916 Warehouse Act • 1916 Workingman’s Compensation Act

  23. The Demise of Progressivism • So, what kills off the reform impulse? • WWI takes precedence for a while • Then, major constitutional reforms just after the war ends (thank the women and protect the young soldiers) • Primarily, though, it’s the 1920’s prosperity that makes progressivism seem unnecessary

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