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NEWBORN FEEDING

NEWBORN FEEDING. Objectives. The purpose of this presentation is to: Discuss the two main methods for feeding the newborn infant. Baby’s First Year of Life. Growth and Development Rapid growth and development Opportunity to Teach good eating habits

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NEWBORN FEEDING

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  1. NEWBORN FEEDING

  2. Objectives The purpose of this presentation is to: • Discuss the two main methods for feeding the newborn infant

  3. Baby’s First Year of Life Growth and Development • Rapid growth and development • Opportunity to • Teach good eating habits • Develop positive feelings about food and caregivers • Most infants will triple their birth weight by 12 months

  4. Communication Socialization Giving and receiving love Sharing personal values Celebration Physical growth and health Sensory exploration Relaxation, habit Purpose of Mealtimes

  5. Feeding Relationship Feeding is a reciprocal relationship that depends on the abilities and characteristics of both the parent and the child. (Ellyn Satter)

  6. Responsibility of Caregiver • Decides the type of food (human or commercial) • Provides appropriate flow rate of milk • Feed the baby promptly when hungry • Offers bottle at appropriate angle • Minimizes distractions during meal

  7. Responsibility of Infant • Gives permission for nipple to enter mouth • Uses mealtime social pauses • Let’s caregiver know when it’s time for burping • Stops eating when full

  8. How Often to Breastfeed? • Nurse every 2 hours. • In the first few days • Milk is low in volume • High in nutrients • Baby will have 1 or 2 wet diapers a day

  9. How Often to Breastfeed? • After milk supply has increased • Baby should have 5 to 6 wet diapers every day • 3 to 4 dirty diapers every day

  10. How Much Formula?

  11. Correct Bottle Feeding Position Infant should be • Cuddled • Held in a semi-upright position during feeding Why? Reduces fluid from pooling at the back of the throat and entering tubes from the middle ear.

  12. Incorrect Bottle Feeding Position Hazards of infant self feeding • Choking • Overfeeding • Inability to bond with caregiver

  13. Don'ts of Bottle Feeding • Do not prop the bottle (self feeding) • Do not allow baby to carry bottle around • Do not allow the baby to keep bottle in mouth while asleep • Do not put cereal or sweet drinks

  14. Burping • Done during and after feeding • Wait until baby stops drinking • Hold baby in one of two positions (shoulder or lap) • Gently stroke/pat back Why Burp? Releases stomach gas Prevents regurgitation

  15. Infant Feeding in Emergencies Breastfeeding is best If Formula IS Necessary… • Ready-to-feed is THE formula of choice! • Use concentrated or powder formula only if bottled or boiled water is available.

  16. What is Formula? • Formula • Commercially manufactured milk product • Designed to support infant growth • Types • Cow Milk • Soy-based • Protein hydrolysate

  17. Why Use Formula? • When breastfeeding an infant is not possible or desired • If supplemental feeding is desired in addition to breastfeeding

  18. Cow’s Milk Formulas • Most used and best tolerated • Cow’s milk is altered to resemble human milk • Cow’s milk protein allergies are possible

  19. Soy-Based Formulas • Possible cow’s milk allergy alternative • Vegan infants • Cow’s milk allergies = soy milk allergies

  20. Protein Hydrolysate Formulas • Hypoallergenic formulas • Family history of milk/soy allergies • Cow’s milk pre-digested • Easier to digest • Allergic reaction less likely

  21. Other Specialized Formulas • Premature infants/babies • Infants/babies with specific medical conditions

  22. Why Not Regular Cow’s Milk? • Cow’s milk have too many nutrients for humans • Cow’s milk = iron deficiency • Commercial formulas = known needed nutrients • Infants need iron to grow and develop

  23. Types of Formula Preparations • Powdered • Least expensive • 1 scoop powdered/2 oz. water • Concentrated liquid • Most popular • 1 ounce formula/1 ounce water • Ready-to-feed • Water not needed • Most convenient • Most sterile for of infant formula • Most expensive

  24. Generic vs. Brand-Name • All infant formula = same nutrient density • Formula Standards • Food and Drug Administration (FDA) • Raw ingredients may vary

  25. DHA and ARA • Fatty acids / lipids • Naturally passed from mom to infant in pregnancy • Naturally occurring in breastmilk • Development of infant’s eyesight and brain • DHA = Docosahexaenoic acid • ARA = Arachidonic Acid • Long term benefits unknown

  26. Probiotics • Promote healthy bacteria growth • Mimic immune benefits of breast milk • Long term benefits unknown

  27. Levels of DHA and ARA All infant formulas sold in the United States use the same source of DHA & ARA. The only difference among formula brands is the amount of DHA & ARA.

  28. Do you think a mother who breastfeeds needs to increase her daily calories?

  29. Yes! When a mother breastfeeds, she is passing on the nutrients to the baby. She still has to have nutrients for her body to function. First 6 months • 640 calories/ day Second 6 months • 510 calories/ day

  30. What happens if the mother doesn’t get enough food and water? • Affects ability to produce milk

  31. Things to limit • Caffeine • Irritability and wakefulness • Supplements • Foods that may alter the taste or smell of milk • May need to eliminate foods and then reintroduce • Drugs

  32. Things to limit • Smoking • Lowers milk volume • Decreased growth and more respiratory infections • Alcohol • Transmitted to milk 30-60 minutes after • Sleep disturbance and mental/ psychomotor development

  33. Basics • A learned behavior • Prepare during pregnancy • Lactation Consultant • Newborn should be fed within the first hour of birth unless they need medical attention • Introduce a bottle by day 24

  34. Ensuring they are getting enough • Feed when they are hunger • 8-12 feedings a day • Cluster feedings • 6 wet diapers and 3-4 bowel movements • This will change as the baby gets bigger • Growth

  35. Issues that impact feeding

  36. Cleft lip Occurs when the baby’s lip or mouth do not form properly during pregnancy.

  37. How does this cause issues? Unable to get the proper suction Soft palate may not cover the opening from the throat to the nose Cleft palate may need special bottles

  38. Mead- JohnsonCleft Palate Nurser

  39. Reflux Same as an adult Smaller feedings More frequent burping Upright position for feedings

  40. Premies Cannot coordinate sucking, swallowing, and breathing until 32-34 weeks Fed by tube that goes straight to stomach May continue this while learning to feed.

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