Chapter 31 Australia

1. Chapter 31 Australia

2. Sydney Opera House

3. Natural Environments of Australia Landform Regions • Western Plateau • Central Lowlands • Great Dividing Range

4. Landform Regions • Great Dividing Range Mt. Kosciusko (7, 310 ft) is the highest elevation on the continent “The Australian Alps”

5. Ayers Rock • A huge freestanding rock formation that rises above the flat plain of central Australia, has long been sacred to Aborigines who live in the region. • It was returned to Aboriginal ownership in 1985 Aboriginal name is Uluru.

7. Natural Environments of AustraliaClimates • Arid/ Semiarid • Tropical Wet and Dry • Humid Subtropical • Marine West Coast • Mediterranean

8. Natural Environments of AustraliaClimates • 2/3 of the continent is arid/semiaridOutback • Its location and elevation causes dry climate • Average temperature is 85℉ and above

9. Natural Environments of AustraliaNatural Resources • Bauxite • Copper • Iron Ore • Gemstones • Coal deposits • Oil • Natural Gas

10. Natural Environments of AustraliaWater Resources • Darling and Murray River • Artesian wells—water naturally flows to surface

11. Australia • Australia has a strange biome because they all developed in isolation • Marsupials Kangaroo, Koala, Wallaby Koala Kangaroo Wallaby

12. Australia is home to most of the world's marsupials, or pouched mammals. Perhaps the most famous is the kangaroo. A mother kangaroo carries her baby, called a joey, in her pouch.

13. A baby koala spends the first seven months of its life in its mother's pouch, then climbs out and clings to her back.

14. The platypus is an egg-laying mammal. It has webbed feet for swimming and a flat, broad bill like a duck's. The bill is covered with soft leathery skin, which has sensitive nerves that help the animal locate food.

15. Tasmanian devil NOT!

16. The REAL Tasmanian Devil! Tasmanian devils are meat-eating marsupials that live only on the island of Tasmania, off Australia's southern coast.

17. Water ResourcesGreat Barrier Reef • Great Barrier Reef- lies of the Northeast coast and is famous for tropical sea life.

18. Great Barrier Reef http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbNeIn3vVKM

19. AustraliaHistory & Culture • Shaped as a British Colony, Australia still has one of the world’s oldest continuing cultures. • Aborigines lived nomadic lifestyle • Hunted with spears, nets, and boomerangs. Didgeridoo

20. Aborigines: The Australian Aborigines established themselves throughout Australia, including Tasmania, long before Europeans "discovered" it. Traditionally, about 500 different tribal groups existed; each occupied a particular stretch of country and spoke a different language or dialect.

21. The Aborigines survived by adapting to Australia's often harsh conditions • The Aborigines also left a rich heritage of artwork in the form of rock carvings and bark and cave paintings.

22. Bark Painting • The bark, which comes from the eucalyptus tree, is cut during and immediately after the wet season, when it is pliable. It is then pressed flat and dried out on hot coals. Pigments of white, black, yellow, brown, and sometimes red are applied to the smoothed surface.

23. Australia History and Culture • Europe arrived and settled in the 1700’s • Made Sydney a prison colony (60,000 prisoners by 1830). • 1851 gold was discovered attracting more people to Australia • Aborigines died due to European diseases and in Tasmania, aborigines were almost completely wiped out

24. Australia History and Culture • Became independent in 1901 Surprisingly, many Australians fought alongside the British in BOTH World Wars!

25. Aborigines in Modern Australia • Today there are about 460,000 Aboriginal peoples in Australia. About one-third of them are considered full-blooded. The remainder are of mixed Aboriginal-European ancestry. • All together, Aborigines make up only about 2 percent of Australia's population. Most live in cities and towns, although a few are trying to preserve some form of the old, nomadic way of life. Dreamtime http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOWzcLuupi0

26. People of Australia

27. Australia Today • Importing and Exporting • Mainly trade with U.S. and Asia • Mining, Agriculture, and Tourism are key to Australia’s economy • Issues and Challenges: Protecting aboriginal culture, protecting the environment, introduction to exotic species. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QCgKd7oghLI

29. New ZealandNorth Island • Forests • Volcanoes • Geysers • Hot Springs Hills • Mts

30. New ZealandNorth Island Ngauruhoe, New Zealand

31. New Zealand: South Island Southern Alps • Mountains • Glaciers • Lakes • Plains • BOTH have lowlands

32. New ZealandClimate • Mild, Marine West Coast • Tropical Wet and Dry • North Isd. is warmer • South Island is wet 100” rpy

33. New ZealandBiome • 30% Temperate Forest • Animals: • Kiwis • Moas • Bats

34. New ZealandBiome Moa Kiwi

35. New ZealandBiome http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W8WNBlP1O9A

36. New ZealandNatural Resources Fertile Soil = Good for agriculture (farming) Radiata Pine Tree= paper Hydroelectricity= power generated from water

37. New ZealandHistory and Culture • Maori- indigenous people of New Zealand • Colonized by Britain • Peace treaty b/w Maori and British in 1840’s • British moved onto Maori land = Maori Wars 1845-1872 (Maori lost suffered from European disease) • Independent in 1907 still fought with Britain in wars

38. New ZealandMaori Culture http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3BoNmpvkavo&feature=related

39. New ZealandPeople • Language: Maori, English • Settlement: Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch • Jobs: tourism, farming (sheep) • Food: lamb, sweet potatoes, pavlova, tea

40. New ZealandEconomy and Issues • Farming, manufacturing, tourism • Exports: wool, meat, fish, dairy, kiwi • small country = hard to develop economy of scale • Relies on exports • Australia, U.S.A, Japan http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eh-0knDpn5g&NR=1&feature=endscreen http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PfsA3FbQws