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Understanding the Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Their Functions

Explore the intricate network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins that make up the cardiovascular system. Learn how these blood vessels transport oxygen and nutrients, remove waste, and maintain tissue health. Discover the impact of exercise on vascular health and function.

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Understanding the Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Their Functions

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  1. Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

  2. Arteries • Carry blood away from heart to tissues • Lined w/ thick layers of muscle, elastic fibers & endothelium • Lumen= space in the middle where the blood flows • Nervous & endocrine system controls diameter- vasodilation, vasoconstriction

  3. Arterioles • Arteries branch off into smaller & smaller arteries and then even smaller arterioles • deliver blood to capillaries • Arteries= freeways • Arterioles= exit ramps • Capillaries= surface streets

  4. Capillaries • Connect arterioles to venules • Microcirculation: surround every cell • Needs of tissue determine extent of capillary network • Nutrient and gas exchange • Walls are one cell thick

  5. Venules • Several capillaries unite to form a venule • Collect blood from capillaries and drain into veins • Venules= on-ramp>>Veins= freeway (opp. direction)

  6. Veins • Return blood from tissues to heart • Same layers as arteries but walls are thinner, esp. muscular layer • Valves prevent backflow

  7. Effects of exercise on cardio-vascular system http://w3.ouhsc.edu/phar5442/Lectures/Cardiovascularexerciseeffects.html

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