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Newton’s Second Law

Understand Newton's Second Law, which relates an object's net force, mass, and acceleration. Learn about balanced and unbalanced forces and how to calculate net forces. Explore the concept of pressure and its relationship with force and area.

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Newton’s Second Law

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  1. Newton’s Second Law Chapter 5

  2. Forces • Push or pull • Anything that can change the motion (speed) of an object

  3. Directly proportional: as one increases, the other variable increases by that same factor • Inversely proportional: as one object increases, the other variable decreases by that same factor

  4. Newton’s Second Law • Relates an object’s net force, mass and acceleration • Conceptual Question 1: • If you apply a small force while throwing one ball and a large force while throwing the other, what is the difference in their motion? • What must be the relationship between the net force and acceleration of an object?

  5. Conceptual Question 2: • If you throw a light ball and a heavy ball with the same force, what is the difference in their motion? • What must be the relationship between the mass and acceleration of an object?

  6. Newton’ Second Law • The acceleration of an object is in the same direction as the net force on the object • Fnet = mass x acceleration • N = kg x m/s2 • What is the relationship between mass and acceleration if the net force is constant?

  7. Practice Problem 1 What is the net force on a dragster with a mass of 900 kg if its acceleration is 32.0 m/s2?

  8. Practice Problem 2 If the mass of a helicopter is 4,500 kg, and the net force on it is 18,000 N, what is the helicopter’s acceleration?

  9. Balanced Forces • Forces that do not change the speed of an object • Two forces that oppose each other (opposite directions) and are the same magnitude (equal in size) cancel each other out • Net force (combined forces) = 0 N

  10. Unbalanced forces • When two forces act on an object but are not equal in magnitude (size) and/or not in opposite directions • Always results in a change in speed of an object

  11. Calculating Net Forces Practice Question 1: Calculate the net force for the object shown:

  12. Calculating Net Forces Practice Question 2: Calculate the net force for the object shown:

  13. Calculating Net Forces Practice Question 3: Calculate the net force for the object shown:

  14. Pressure • Amount of force per unit of area • When you apply a force on an object, you are applying pressure • Pressure = force/ area of application • Units: pascals (Pa)= N/m2

  15. Practice Problem: If the area of an object in contact with a table is decreased, how does this affect its pressure on that surface? • The smaller the area, the greater the pressure exerted

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