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Linux

Linux. Linux. Plan of Attack. Overview of DOS, UNIX, Linux Commands / CLI File Systems Processes Install software / make packages Vi Editors. DOS review. Drive letters for devices Hierarchical file system for every drive

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Linux

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  1. Linux Linux

  2. Plan of Attack • Overview of DOS, UNIX, Linux • Commands / CLI • File Systems • Processes • Install software / make packages • Vi Editors

  3. DOS review • Drive letters for devices • Hierarchical file system for every drive • NO security, NO file attributes, NO users groups, privileges, permissions, etc • NO multi-processing

  4. What is Linux • Short answer = like UNIX • Long answer = a revolution

  5. Linux is like UNIX ... So, what is UNIX? • developed by Ken Thompson at Bell Labs in 1969 • was joined Dennis Ritchie (founder of C language) • MULTICS had a strong influence on UNIX • Ran on PDP-7, PDP-11 • Both completely rewritten in 1973 using the C programming language (making it portable) • due to legal issues, UNIX could not be sold – so AT&T distributed it to educational and research communities • once the legal issues were settled, several commercial versions appeared

  6. UNIX • a true multi-user and multi-tasking environment • designed by programmers for programmers • small enough to understand, algorithms based on simplicity, kernel, shell, and library structure is easily expandable yet powerful • UNIX was intimately involved with the development of the Internet • UNIX erred regarding the desktop PC market

  7. Unix’s strength • Logical Volume Manager (LVM) • Simple, Stable, Strong • Internet subset of tools • TCP/IP • FTP • Rlogin Slogin • Send Mail • Telnet

  8. GNU • 1973 Richard Stallman proposed the idea of a free Unix, started the GNU project • Started the Free Software Foundation and formulated the General Public License (GPL) • Hackers began assisting on projects • Became know as the Open Source Movement

  9. LINUX kernel • In 1991 Linus Torvalds a student rewrote the UNIX kernel and publish it on the Internet (Minix) • His instructor said it would never take off • Small kernel ran on Intel’s 386 (32-bit cpu) • GNU Libraries + Linux kernel = Full functional operating system • The rest is history!

  10. Pro’s • $$$$$$$$ FREE $$$$$$$$$$ • TCP/IP subset = Internet • LVM • Example: Google’s 450,000 RedHat servers..

  11. Con’s • Too Many Variant's (maybe 315)????

  12. www.netcraft.com

  13. Distributions • Red Hat most popular • SuSE most popular in Europe • Debian most popular with hacker • Standard $30-$50 • Professional $60-$100 • Enterprise $100-$200 • Linux is FREE! You pay for distribution integration the OS, software & support

  14. Linux kernel • Numbering conventions • Even stable 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6 • Developmental 2.1, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7

  15. CLI • Like DOS • [doSomething] [how] [toFiles] • [doSomething] [how] [sourceFile] [destinationFile]

  16. Redirection • [doSomething] [how] < [inputFile] > [outputFile]

  17. Piping • [doSomething] [how] | [doSomething] [how] | [doSomething] [how] > [outputFile]

  18. Tricks • Wildcards : * and ? • >> redirect to append file

  19. Consoles • Terminals emulators = xterm, konsole, etc • Virtual terminals • [alt]-[F1], … [alt]-[F6], [alt]-[F7] is GUI • [ctrl]-[alt]-[F1], … [ctrl]-[alt]-[F6] fromGUI to Virtual terminal • Exiting Linux • [main menu] - [logout] from KDE • Exit or [ctrl]- D from text mode

  20. Getting Help • man command • info command • −−help (command --help)

  21. Pathing • [/] forward slash means from root dir • [/] = absolute pathing • [.] means current directory • [..] means parent directory • [./] explicitly means look here!

  22. GUI desktops • CDE : Common Desktop Environment, commercial • KDE: K Desktop Environment utilities begin with “k” or “kde” • GNOME: GNU Network Object Model Environment, utilities begin with “g” or “gnome”

  23. Root • Most powerful user (like administrator) • SU superuser like superman! su or sudo

  24. File Permissions

  25. Distribution Installation • SuSE utilizes YAST: Yet Another Software Tool • Red Hat utilizes RPM: Red Hat Package Manager • Debian utilizes dpkg: Debian Package Manager

  26. SW Install (short answer) tar –xzvf softwarepkg.tar //Untar it cd softwarepkg //move to dir untar created ./config //checks sys, creates makefile make //complies su //must be root makeinstall

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