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U.S. History Warmup

U.S. History Warmup. 8-17-2011. What caused the United States to erupt into civil war in 1861?. Write your answer here, under the prompt.

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U.S. History Warmup

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  1. U.S. History Warmup 8-17-2011 What caused the United States to erupt into civil war in 1861? Write your answer here, under the prompt. If your parent signed your syllabus, prepare to submit it. Then, get out 1-subject notebook and copy down the date and writing prompt exactly as shown below. Write your response under the prompt.

  2. Warm Up • P. 47 - #1 & 2 • What role did the issue of slavery play in the Civil War?

  3. Compromise of 1850 • Copy the table and answer the following ?’s • What is popular sovereignty? • You are a Southerner. Explain your feelings about the compromise.

  4. “We are now far into the fifth year, since a policy was initiated, with the avowed object, and confident promise, of putting an end to slavery agitation. Under the operation of that policy, that agitation has not only, not ceased, but has constantly augmented. In my opinion, it will not cease, until a crisis shall have been reached, and passed. ‘A house divided against itself cannot stand.’ I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved – I do not expect the house to fall – but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other.” • Abraham Lincoln, 1858 • 1. What is the policy that he is referring to? • 2. What is the house that he is referring to? • 3. Did he correctly predict the fate of the ‘house’? Explain

  5. pp. 74-75: read the info about the election on p. 74. Use that info to analyze the cartoon and answer questions 1 & 2 on p. 75. • Read “Lincoln Wins the Election” on p. 74. - What are two reasons why Lincoln did not receive a single southern electoral vote? Election of 1860

  6. P. 79, #4 & 5 Warm Up

  7. The Path to Civil War

  8. Colonies of Great Britain (why?) • (1700s) Enlightenment - Natural rights - Locke • Taxation without representation - Pay for French & Indian War (1763) • Resistance – Boston Tea Party • (1775) Lexington & Concord • (1776) Declaration of Independence • (1783) Revolutionary War victory • (‘87-’91) Constitution written/adopted Inception to Independence

  9. Constitution – strong or weak? - New Jersey Plan v. Virginia Plan: representation issue - Great Compromise - Three-fifths clause - Federalism: good or bad? - Took away some of states’ independence - Separation of powers: limits abuses like GB Doomed to fail?

  10. Video Clip – Path to War Overview

  11. Economic differences - North - Industrial (why?) -> immigrant workers -> cities - Greater population = more representation - South - Agricultural, slave labor - Greater demand for slaves & land after 1793 (why?) • Result = differing views on slavery Path to Civil War - Sectionalism

  12. Tariffs & nullification crisis - Tariff: tax on outside goods (purpose?) - North favors (why?), south opposes - 1828: Jackson passes “Tariff of Abominations” - VP Calhoun resigns, tells fellow SC’s to nullify - States’ rights debate (Federalism) - Problem: Who is interpreting? - i.e. Parents making you eat healthy - Pres. Jackson threatens force, Congress reduces the tariff before conflict Path to Civil War - Sectionalism

  13. Social Changes - Great Awakening: social reforms for “perfect society” - i.e. public education, no alcohol, no slavery, etc. • Support for Abolition - Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) - Dred Scott vs. Sandford(1857) - Supreme Court: “slaves aren’t citizens” - Angers many white northerners - John Brown - Militant abolitionist - More on him later… Path to Civil War - Abolition George Whitefield William Lloyd Garrison’s Abolitionist paper

  14. Opposition to Abolition - Southerners argue… - Necessary for economy of both North (?) & South - Slaves are better than wage labor (why?) - Northerners argue… - Free blacks  job competition - Cotton supply would dwindle Path to Civil War – Anti-Abolition

  15. Westward Expansion - 1803: Louisiana purchase  “Manifest Destiny” - Problem: slave state vs. free state? - Issue: congressional representation - Missouri Compromise (1820) - Missouri (slave), Maine (free): 36th parallel - Case Study: Texas - 1836: gains independence from Mexico - Seeks to be annexed by the U.S. - 1845: enters as a slave state, evens the balance Path to Civil War - Expansion

  16. Westward Expansion, Continued - Case Study: California - 1848: Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo - 1849: Gold rush  population boom - Seeks entry as a free state (why?), but would upset the balance (15 free, 15 slave) - Compromise of 1850 - CA can be free - All new states from the territory would decide by popular sovereignty - Ends MO Compromise (why?) - In return, Southerners get Fugitive Slave Act - Everyone has to help capture runaways Path to Civil War - Expansion

  17. The Trail of Tears - 1829: gold discovered on Cherokee lands - 1838: Jackson passes Indian Removal Act to appease South - 15,000 Cherokee -> 1,000 mi. forced march - 4,000+ died on the journey Caught in the Middle…

  18. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) - Neb. divided, pop. sovereignty decides slave status - Proslavery “bushwackers” & Antislavery “jayhawkers” - 2 separate capitals est. “Bleeding Kansas”

  19. Bleeding Kansas 4) (1859) Harper’s Ferry Incident

  20. Sectionalism: divisions based on… - Economic & cultural differences • Tariffs (esp. “T. of Abominations” in 1828) • Expansion of Slavery - Missouri, Texas, California, Kansas • Failed/Weak Compromises - Missouri Compromise (1820) - Compromise of 1850 - Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) • Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) • Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) • John Brown – Harpers Ferry (1859) Overview – Causes of the Civil War

  21. Election Platform? - Slavery • Candidates: (p. 73) - Abraham Lincoln (Republican) - Position: leave slavery where it is - Stephen Douglas (Northern Democrat) - Position: popular sovereignty decides slavery issue - John Bell (Constitutional Unionist) - Position: support slavery & save the Union - John C. Breckinridge (Southern Democrat) - Position: gov’t should protect slavery Election of 1860

  22. Abraham Lincoln wins: - No states in the South - Demonstrated a fractured nation even though: - Lincoln would allow slavery where it was - Had no tolerance for secession - See Inaugural Address on p. 78 • Southern states disconcerted by electoral imbalance - Lack of representation Election Results

  23. Dec. 20, 1860: S. Carolina secedes from the Union - Felt Lincoln was “hostile to slavery” • Followed by: GA, AL, FL, MS, LA, & TX - Common connection? • Secession like the Revolution: how? - Lack of representation, trampling of rights • Formed the Confederate States of America - 1. States’ rights, 2. Protected slavery, 3. Banned tariffs - Elected Jefferson Davis president Secession “ In your hands, my dissatisfied countrymen, and not in mine is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without yourselves being the aggressors…We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.” - Lincoln’s 1st Inaugural Address

  24. Confederacy seizes military bases - Hadn’t seized Ft. Sumter yet - April, 1861: Ft. Sumter needs supplies - Lincoln announces supply run - Jefferson Davis demands surrender before ship’s arrival - April 12: refusal to surrender leads to bombing - April 13: 33 hrs. later, Ft. Sumter surrenders • Upper South secedes - Lincoln calls for 75,000 military volunteers - Upper South: secede or fight fellow Southerners? - VA, AR, NC, & TN join the Confederacy Civil War Begins: Fort Sumter

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