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Incremental Changes

Incremental Changes. Wind, Water, and Ice. Remember…. Earthquakes and volcanoes cause sudden and catastrophic change. Most shaping or sculpting of Earth’s surface happens by a combination of slow, step by step changes called weathering and erosion . Weathering:.

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Incremental Changes

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  1. Incremental Changes Wind, Water, and Ice

  2. Remember…. • Earthquakes and volcanoes cause sudden and catastrophic change. • Most shaping or sculpting of Earth’s surface happens by a combination of slow, step by step changes called weathering and erosion.

  3. Weathering: • Mechanical & Chemical process that breaks down rocks by means of water, glacial ice, wind and waves.

  4. Erosion • Occurs when the products of weathering are transported from place to place.

  5. Deposition- to deposit • The process of these materials being laid down or deposited by wind, water, and ice. • Through the deposition process, material is not gained or lost, it just changes form. • Weathering and deposition never produces new material.

  6. Red Deer River • Starts out crystal clear high in the Rockies, and as it travels eastward, accumulates tremendous amounts of silt, sand, and dirt- causing the river to change from clear to chocolate brown.

  7. Mechanical weathering • Happens when rock is broken apart by physical forces, such as water or wind. • In our cold climate, rock is often broken down by water freezing in cracks. • This action slowly helps to break apart even the largest rock formation.

  8. Hoodoos in southern Alberta: Wind

  9. Chemical Weathering • Happens when water and oxygen react with the minerals in rocks to produce new minerals. • New minerals are usually softer, and can crumble more easily. • Acids can wear away rock by dissolving the minerals in them.

  10. Biological weathering • Is the wearing away of rock by living things, like roots and stems putting enormous pressure on their surroundings.

  11. Effects of Moving Water • Rivers and streams are probably the most powerful forces of erosion that alter the landscape.

  12. Sediment • As rivers flow, they carry a load of silt, sand, mud, and gravel called sediment. • Weathering process takes a long time and is influenced by the nature of the moving water- like the speed or steepness of the terrain.

  13. Sedimentation • The process of sediments being deposited, usually at the bottom of oceans, lakes, and rivers.

  14. Fluvial Landforms • These are landforms that are created by running water. • In Alberta, the Badlands of Southern Alberta are fluvial landforms.

  15. Eroding Away • Sometimes, erosion can change the landscape very quickly. • Landslides: sudden and fast movement of rocks and soil down a slope. • Landslide

  16. Glaciers- Rivers of Ice • A glacier is a moving mass of ice and snow. • For over 2 million years, this force of erosion has visited North America, at least 4 times. • Ice once covered areas of Alberta to heights of 600-1000 m and has greatly shaped its landscapes.

  17. Bedrock • As glaciers flow, they pick up large fragments of rock that act as grinding tools to carve and scrape the landscape. • The glacier grinds the bedrock, the layer of solid rock beneath the loose rock fragments, producing a polished, but scratched, furrowed surface.

  18. When the glacier melts, or retreats, it leaves its eroded rock fragments in the form of small hills called drumlins and moraines and snake-like hills called eskers.

  19. Drumlins

  20. Moraines

  21. Eskers

  22. Check & Reflect • Page 366, #s 1-5 • Assess your learning: Page 367, 1-10. Open book test! Monday

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