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Chapter 9

Chapter 9. Footings, Foundations, and Concrete. Staking Out?. Use plot plan to stake out location of the house on the lot. Layout corners 3-4-5 (9-12-15)method Batter boards Control point (usually highest point). Excavation.

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Chapter 9

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  1. Chapter 9 Footings, Foundations, and Concrete

  2. Staking Out? • Use plot plan to stake out location of the house on the lot. • Layout corners • 3-4-5 (9-12-15)method • Batter boards • Control point (usually highest point)

  3. Excavation • Bulldozer or tractor with blade is used to remove topsoil, for fill later. • Trencher or backhoe used for excavating earth. • Footings should extend down a minimum of 6” below the average minimum frost depth and 6” into undisturbed soil. (Local code) • Plan for settling.

  4. Footing Shapes • Increase the supporting capacity of the foundation wall by spreading the load over a larger area.

  5. Footing Shapes and Sizes

  6. Foundation Walls • Extends from the first floor to the footing • Basement wall or crawlspace • T-Foundation • Slab Foundation • Pier/Post Foundation • (see page 165)

  7. Terminology • Drain Tile (4” perforated (weep) tile) • Pilasters • Beam Pocket • Gravel Fill • Sand Cushion (between poured floor and footing) • Vapor Barrier • Live Loads – fixed or moving weight not part of structure • Dead Loads – Fixed weights of the structure.

  8. Beams and Girders • Used to cover large spans, where wood would not be sufficient • S-Beam (I - beam) and Wide flange beam • Lintels – horizontal support over an opening

  9. Concrete and Masonry • Concrete - Cement, sand, aggregate and water • Cement – Mixture of lime, silica (sand), alumina, iron and gypsum. • Sold by the cubic yard ~ $30.00/cu.yd. • Concrete block (cinder block) (p. 179) • Pavers

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