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Debate

Debate. Chapter 13 Pages 414-439. Debate vs. Discussion. Debate - Contest between 2 opposing points of view - Neutral 3 rd party (judge or jury) renders the final decision Discussion - Utilizes cooperation to arrive at decisions

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Debate

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  1. Debate Chapter 13 Pages 414-439

  2. Debate vs. Discussion Debate - Contest between 2 opposing points of view - Neutral 3rd party (judge or jury) renders the final decision Discussion - Utilizes cooperation to arrive at decisions - Discussion groups, themselves, make decisions by consensus, compromise, or majority vote

  3. Debate • Debate is restricted to issues that have only 2 sides • Debate issues are stated in the form of a proposition • Ex: “Resolved, that more on-site job experience be incorporated into high school curriculum.”

  4. A well-rounded formal debate proposition has several features… • It is worded (IIW) as a statement, not a question • IIW to permit only for and against response • IIW so that each side has an equal opportunity to argue its position successfully, not slanted to favor one side • IIW to address a current, controversial issue • IIW to call for a change from current policy • IIW using specific, concrete language that does not make judgments about the topic

  5. The Opposing Sides • Affirmative - The side in the debate upholding the proposition being debated; has the task of attacking the status quo and arguing for a specific change in policy • Negative - The side in the debate that supports the status quo or denies or attacks the affirmative position

  6. Preparing to Debate…

  7. 1. Analyze the Proposition • Define the terms of the debate • Identify the issues - What are the major points of the disagreement? - What key arguments can be made?

  8. 2. Build a Case • Case – The team’s total argument on the proposition set in writing 1. Brief – A full outline of the case in complete sentences I. Main heads – Major issues A. Subheads – Evidence and proof to support the issue 1. Subheads – Specific examples 2. Evidence Cards – One note card labeled with each major issue - Proof and support - Quotations, examples, and statistics - Citation of sources

  9. 3. Work with Partner • Usually 2 person teams • Plan strategy, decide major issues, write the brief, rehearse • Anticipate the arguments of the other team, and know how you will handle unexpected points brought up by the opposition • During the debate, do not disagree with your partner - Everything you say should be in agreement with your partner’s presentation

  10. 4. Support Your Case - Logos • Evidence - Quotations, statistics, examples - Cite the source of the evidence you find • Reasoning - Forming logical conclusions from evidence

  11. Types of Reasoning… • Induction – Reasoning from specific facts or cases to general principals • Deduction – Reasoning from general principals to specific cases • Cause to Effect – Reasoning from what began something to its result • Effect to Cause – Reasoning from a result back to what started it • Analogy – A comparison, prove the truth of something by showing its similarity to something else

  12. Formats • Lincoln-Douglas Format: - Named for a famous debate between senatorial candidates Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas

  13. Formats • Standard Format – 2 different kinds of speeches made by each of the 2 speakers on each team 1. Constructive – Speech used to present & develop the major points of a team’s case 2. Rebuttal – Speech whose purpose is to refute the opposition’s major argument.

  14. Formats • Cross-Examination Format: - Provides for questioning the opposing teams following each constructive speech - A member of the opposing team attempts to expose weaknesses in each speaker’s argument by asking questions for the speaker to answer - This is the format we will use (Page 432)

  15. The Opposition • Look for weaknesses in the opposition’s evidence (Page 436) - Are the sources reliable? • Watch out for faulty reasoning (Page 437) - Are there enough solid examples? (induction) - Have they considered enough reasonable alternatives? (deduction)

  16. The Opposition • Take notes and use a flow sheet (Page 438) - Flow sheet - A summary outline of how the arguments on each side are progressing • Make effective use of cross-examination

  17. The Opposition • Speak Persuasively - Convince the judge, not your opponents - Be familiar with the evidence; Will help help you make eye-contact with the judge - Don’t talk too fast - Don’t forget the value of gestures, platform movement, & facial expression; Be forceful - Maintain vocal expression – Gives impact to the message - Don’t get angry with opponents. Don’t personally attack them – Stick to the issues!

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