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UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)

UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] clwsf/;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo 3f]if0ffkq 8f= s[i0f e ¤rg ;dfhzf:q tyf dfgjzf:q s]Gb|Lo ljefu, lqe'jg ljZjljBfno ;Nnfxsf/, g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3

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UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)

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  1. UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] clwsf/;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo 3f]if0ffkq 8f= s[i0f e¤rg ;dfhzf:q tyf dfgjzf:q s]Gb|Lo ljefu, lqe'jg ljZjljBfno ;Nnfxsf/, g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3 ;Nnfxsf/, /fli6«o cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnf ;~hfn ljZj cflbjf;L lbj; @))* sf] cj;/df cflbjf;L hghflt pTyfg /fli6«o k|ltif7fgn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] clwsf/;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo 3f]if0ffkqdf cGt/s[of sfo{s|ddf k|:t't sf7df8f}+ cu:t &, @))*

  2. ljZj ;Gbe{df nfdf] ;+3if{sf] emns • ;g\ !(@# df Sofg8fsf O/f]sL cflbjf;Lsf d'vLofn] ljjfbsf] k|lt/f]w u/]sf] • ;g\ !(@% df Go'hLNof08df dfcf]/L cflbjf;Lx?n] ;/sf/n] ;GwLsf] pn+3g ubf{ la/f]w u/]sf] • ;g\ !(%& df cfO{=Pn=cf]= cle;GwL !)& kfl/t u/]sf]

  3. nfdf] ;+3if{sf] emns • ;g\ !(&! df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs kl/ifbn] cNk;+Vosx?nfO{ lje]b af6 /f]Sg / ;'/Iff ug{ /fi6«;+3Lo pk–cfof]usf] u7g • ;g\ !(*! b]vL !(*# df laz]if ;dflwIfs df6L{g]h sf]af]sf] cWoog • ;g\ !(*@ df cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf nflu /fi6« ;+3Lo sfo{ ;d'x (UNWGIP)

  4. nfdf] ;+3if{sf] emns • ;g\ !(*% df cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] clwsf/ ;DaGwL d:of}bf 3f]if0ffkq tof/ • ;g\ !((# df pQm d:of}bf 3f]if0ffkq ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs kl/ifbn] cNk;+Vosx?nfO{ lje]baf6 /f]Sg / ;'/Iff ug{/fi6« ;+3Lo pkcfof]udf k|:t't • ;g\ !(($ df d:of}bf 3f]if0ffkqnfO{ cg'df]bg u/L dfgj clwsf/ cfof]udf k]z

  5. cflbjf;L hgtfx?sf clwsf/sf] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo 3f]if0ffkq ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/ kl/ifbsf] h'g @(, @))^ df a;]sf] klxnf] a}7sn] cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf clwsf/sf] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo d:of}bf 3f]if0ffkqnfO{ kfl/t u/]s]f lyof] . Kffl/t 3]fif0ffkqdf $^ j6f wf/fx? 5g\ . dfgj clwsf/ kl/ifbdf ePsf] h'g @))^ sf] dtbfgsf] kl/0ffd • x'G5 eGg] #) X x'Gg eGg] @ -Sofg8f / ?;_ – cg'kl:yt !@

  6. 3f]if0ffkq kfl/t ug{ dxf;efdf ePsf dtbfgx? l8;Da/ @))^ sf] dtbfgsf] kl/0ffd • x'G5 eGg] *@ X x'Gg eGg] ^& – dt gv;fNg]x? @% – cg'kl:yt !* -g]kfn ;d]t_ ;]K6]Da/ !$, @))& sf] dtbfgsf] kl/0ffd • x'G5 eg]/ dt v;fNg] ;b:o /fi6«x? !$$ -g]kfn ;d]t_ X x‘Gg eg]/ dt v;fNg] ;b:o /fi6«x? $ -;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf, ci6]«lnof, Sofg8f, Go'lhNof08_ • cg'kl:yt ;b:o /fi6«x? !!

  7. ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;a} ;b:o /fi6«x?n] lbPsf] dtbfgsf] l:ytLMx'G5 eGg]x? ckmuflg:tfg, cNafgLof, cNh]/Lof, c08f]/f, c+uf]nf, P06Lu‘jf / af/a‘8f, ch]{06Lgf, cf/d]gLof, ci6«of, axfdfh, ax/fOg, af/af8f];, a]nf}?;, a]NhLod, a]nLh, a]gLg, af]lneLof, af]HgLof / xh{uf]eLgf, af]T:jfgf, a|fhLn, a|'gfO / bf?;nfd, a‘Nuf/Lof, a'sL{gfkmf;f], SofDaf]8Lof, Sofd?g, s]k eb]{, s]Gb|Lo ck|msLsL u0ftGq, rLn], rLg, sf]df]/]f;, s+uf], sf]i6fl/sf, s|f]ozLof, So'af, ;fOk|; r]s u0ftGq, k|hftflGqs hgu0ftGq sf]/Lof, k|hftflGqs hgu0ftGq s+uf], 8]gdfs{, hLa‘tL, 8f]ldgLsf, df]ldgLsg u0ftGq, OSj]8/, OhLK6, Pn ;fNef8f]/, P:tf]gLof, lkmgNof08, k|mfG;, Uofaf]g, hd{gL, 3fgf, u|L;, Ujf6]dfnf, uLgL, u'ogf, x}6L, xf]08‘/f;, x+u]/L, cfO;Nof08, ef/t, O08f]g]zLof, O/fg, O/fs, cfo/Nof08, O6fnL, hd}sf, hfkfg, hf]8{g, shfv:tfg, s'j}t, nfcf]; hgk|hftflGqs u0ftGq, Nof7LeLof, n]agg, n];f]yf], nfOa]/Lof, lnaLof, nfOs6]G:6fOg, lny‘PgLof, nShdau{, d8fuf:s/, dfnfjL, dn];Lof, dfnbLe\;, dfnL, dfN6f, df}/L;;, d]S;Lsf], dfOs|f]g]zLof -;+3Lo /fHo_, df]Nbf]ef, df]gfsf], d+uf]nLof, df]hfDaLs, Dofgdf/, gfdLaLof, g]kfn, g]b/Nof08;, lgsf/fu'cf, gfOh/, gj]{, cf]dfg, kfsL:tfg, kfgfdf, kf/fu'P, k]?, lkmnLkLG;, kf]Nof08, kf]r'{un, stf/, sf]/Lof u0ftGq, ;]06 n';Lof, ;]06 leG;]06 / u|g]bfOG;, ;fg d/Lgf], ;fpbL c/]aLof, ;]g]un, ;aL{of, l:o/f lncf]g, l;+ufk'/, :nf]efsLof, :nf]e]gLof, blIf0f clk|msf, :k]g, >L n+sf, ;'8fg, ;'/Lgfd, :jfhLNof08, :j]8]g, :jLh/Nof08, l;/Lof, yfONof08, k'j{ o‘uf]:nfeLof u0ftGqsf] Dof;]b]gLof, l6df]/–n]:6], l6«lg8f8 / 6f]afuf], 6\o‘lgzLof, 6sL{, ;+o'Qm c/a PdL/]6\;, ;+o'Qm clw/fHo, ;+o'Qm u0ftGq tfGhfgLof, o'?Uj], e]g]h'onf, eLotgfd, odg, hfDaLof, hLDafJj]

  8. x'Gg eGg]x?, dtbfg gug]{x?, / cg'kl:ytx? x'Gg eGg]x? M ci6]«nLof, Sofg8f, Go'hLNof08, ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]/Lsf ci6«]nLofsf] ;/sf/n] cflbjf;Lx?;+u cf}krfl/s?kdf dfkmL dfuL;]s]sf]n] 3f]if0ffkqdf :jLs[lt lbg] tof/L . Sofg8fsf] ;+;bn] 3f]if0ffkqsf] kIfdf lg0f{o ul/;]sf] . dtbfg gug]{x? M ch/]a}hfg, af+Unfb]z, e'6fg, a|'gfO, a'?08L, sf]nDaLof, hhL{of, s]Gof, s]Gof, gfOh]/Lof, ?;L dxf;+3, ;fdf]cf, o's|]g cg'kl:ytx? M rfb,sf]t] 8LEjf, OSj]6f]/Lon u'ogf, P/Lq]/Lof, Olyof]kLof, lkmhL, ufDaLof, u|g]8f, lugL–aL;fp, Oh/fon, ls/LjftL, ls/uL:tfg, df;{n 6fk', df}l/6fgLof, df]G6]gLu|f], df]/Ssf], gfp?, knfp, kk‘jf Go‘lugL, ?dfgLof, ?jf08f, ;]07 sL6\; / g]eL;, ;fp tf]df] / lk|G;Lk], ;];]N;, ;nf]dg 6fk'x?, ;f]dfnLof, tfhLsL:tfg, 6f]uf], tf]Guf, t's{d]gL:tfg, t‘efn‘, o'uf08f, pHa]sL:tfg, efg'cft'

  9. 3f]if0ffkqn] cfTd;ft u/]sf] ;ft l;4fGtx? != ljZjJofkL dfgj clwsf/x?s]f k"0f{ / k|efjsf/L pkef]usf] clwsf/ @= lje]b af6 d'QmL / ;dfgtf #= klxrfg / cl:tTjsf] ;fd'lxs clwsf/, JolQmsf] hLjgsf] clwsf/ / hfltxTofaf6 aRg ;+/If0f $= wfld{s ;+:sf/x? / k'Vof}{nL kljq :ynx?df clwsf/ %= ljrf/df ljljwtfs]f clwsf/ ^= ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/fut lzIff, dft[efiff, :jf:Yo cflbdf :jtGqtf / ;+/If0fs]f clwsf/ &= cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] ;Ddfg / ljljwtfnfO{ :jLsf/

  10. dxf;efn] ;xdtL u/]sf d"Vo a"+bfx? • ;a} hgtfx¿nfO{ leGg x'g], pgLx¿nfO{ leGg ¿kdf ljrf/ ul/g'kg{] / ;f]xL cg';f/ ;Ddfg ul/g'kg{] clwsf/nfO{ :jLsf/ ug{] qmddf cflbjf;Lx¿ cGo ;Dk"0f{ hgtfx¿ ;dfg 5g\ . • /fli6«o pTklQ jf hfltjfbL, wfld{s, hghftLo jf ;f+:s[lts leGgtfsf cfwf/df hgtfx¿ jf JolQmx¿sf]pRrtfdf cfwfl/t jf To;af/] jsfnt ug{] l;4fGt, gLlt tyf k|rngx¿ hfltjfbL, j}1flgs ¿kdfunt, sfg'gL ¿kdfcj}w, g}lts ¿kdf lgGbgLo tyf ;fdflhs ¿kdfcGofok"0f{ 5g\ .

  11. dxf;efn] ;xdtL u/]sf d"Vo a"+bfx? • cflbjf;L hghflt cGo sf/0fsf cltl/Qm pgLx?sf] e"ld, If]q tyf ;+;fwgx¿dfly ePsf] pklgj]zLs/0f jf :jfldTjx/0fn] ubf{ Oltxf; b]vLg} cGofoaf6 kLl8t /x]sf] / o;/L ljz]ifu/L cfˆg} cfjZostf tyf ?lrcg';f/ cfkmgf] ljsf; ug]{ clwsf/ pkef]u ug{af6 pgLx? jl~rt /x]sfdf lrGtf JoQm cflbjf;L hghfltsf] sYff / Joyf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] hLjg k4tL Wj:t agfpg] sf/s tTjx? • aGb's • ;GwL • wd{zf:q -d"ntM ljb]zdf afO{an / g]kfndf dg':d[lt_

  12. dxf;efn] ;xdtL u/]sf d"Vo a"+bfx? • cflbjf;Lx¿sf /fhgLlts, cfly{s Pj+ ;fdflhs ;+/rgf tyf pgLx¿sf] ;+:s[lt, cfWoflTds k/Dk/f, Oltxf; Pj+ bz{g–ljz]ifu/L cfkmgf] e"ld, If]q tyf ;fwgx¿dflysf] pgLx¿sf] clwsf/–nfO{ ;Ddfg ug'{kg{] tyf k|a4{g ug'{kg]{ cTofjZostfnfO{ :jLsf/ • /fi6«x¿;Fu ePsf ;lGw, ;Demf}tf tyf cGo /rgfTds Joj:yfx¿df ul/Psf cflbjf;L hghftsf clwsf/nfO{ ;Ddfg tyf k|a4{g ug'{kg]{ cTofjZostfnfO{ klg :jLsf/ -l6Kk0fLM sLk6, xfnsf] @) a'+b] ;xdtL cflb_ • cfly{s / ;|f]t Joj:yfkgdf cflbjf;L b[li6sf]0f :jLsf/ -k'+hLjfb, gjpbf/jfb, :jtGq Jofkf/ h:tf ljZj c{ttGqsf] df]8n cg}lts / ljgf;sf/L k|df0fLt x‘+b} uPsf] • k|fs[lts ;|f]t, h}ljs ljljwtf, cflbjf;L hghfltsf] dfgj clwsf/ / lbuf]] ljsf; cGt/;DaGwLt

  13. k|:tfjgfsf dxTjk"0f{ a"+bfx? • ljzLi6tf M ‘People’ zAbsf] ;6\6f ‘Peoples’ zAbsf] k|of]u • ;+Vofdfq geP/ cfTdlg0fo{sf] clwsf/ / cfk\mgf] ;dfhsf] ljsf;df lgoGq0fsf] clwsf/ ;lxtsf] ljzLi6 hg;d'bfo • Hfltjfb la?4 Ms'g} dfG5]x? c? eGbf /fd|f 5g\ eGg]x? hfltjfbL(Racist) / unt(Wrong) 5g\ • pklgj]zjfb la?4 Mcflbjf;Lx?sf] dfgj clwsf/ / :jtGqtfaf6 al~rt eP kl5 pklgj]zs/0faf6 pgLx?sf] hdLg u'dfPsf] • ;Ddfg M cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] hdLg / k|fs[lts ;|f]tx? Nufotsf clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg • cflbjf;L ;+;yfx? M cflbjf:L hghfltx? lje]b / pTkL8gaf6 d'Qm x'g ;+ul7t ePsf] :jLsf/]fQmL • jftfj/0f M cflbjf;L hghflt 1fgnfO{ ;Ddfg ubf{ lbuf] ljsf; jftfj/0fsf] /fd|f] Joj:yfkg x'g]

  14. 3f]if0ffkqdf ePsf d"Vo ljifox? != ;fd'lxs clwsf/ @= cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ #= :jfoQtf jf :jzf;gsf] clwsf/ $= hdLg / k|fs[lts ;|f]tx? Dfflysf] clwsf/ %= :jtGq, k"j{ / hfgsf/ :jLs[ltsf] clwsf/ ^= cflbjf;L ljsf; &= k/Dk/fut clwsf/ *= af}l4s ;DklQdflysf] clwsf/ (= ;~rf/ !)= dft[efiff !!= cGt/fli6«o ;xof]u

  15. != ;fd'lxs / JolQmut clwsf/ Wff/f ! M cflbjf;L hghflt;+u;fd"lxs¿kdf jf JolQmut¿kdf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;‹Lo a8fkq, dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq -#_ tyf cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ sfg'gåf/f :jLsf/ ul/Pcg';f/sf ;Dk"0f{ dfgjclwsf/ tyf df}lns :jtGqtfsf] k"0f{ pkef]u ug{] clwsf/ /x]sf]5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df cflbjf;L hghfltx?n] ;fd"lxs /JolQmut clwsf/nfO{ ;+ljwfg;efn] agfpg] gof+ ;+ljwfgdf df}lns xssf?kdf ;'lglZrt xg' kg]{ . -#_ k|:tfj @!& s-#_

  16. @= cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ Wff/f # M cflbjf;Lx?nfO{ cfTdÐlg0f{osf] clwsf/ x'g]5 . of] clwsf/nfO{ k|of]u ul/ cfk\mgf] /fhg}lts x}l;ot lgwf{/0f ug{ :jtGq 5g\ / cfkmgf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, / ;f+:s[lts ljsf;nfO{ xfl;n ug{ :jtGq 5g\ . wf/f $^ != s'g} /fHo, hgtf, ;d'x jf JolQm;+u ;+o'Qm /fi6«;‹Lo a8fkq ljk/Lt s'g} lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg x'g jf s'g} sfo{ ug{ clwsf/ x'g] cy{ nfUg] u/L jf ;fj{ef}d tyf :jtGq /fHosf] If]qLo cv08tf jf /fhgLlts PsfOnfO{ k"0f{ jf cf+lzs ¿kdf vl08t kfg{] jf sdhf]/ kfg{] s'g} sfo{ ug{ cg'dlt lbg] jf k|f]T;flxt ug{] cy{ nfUg] u/L o; 3f]if0ffsf s'g} klg s'/fsf] JofVof ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .

  17. cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o k|lt1fkq/ Gfful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o k|lt1fkqg]kfnn] cg'df]bg÷;lDdng u/]s]f ldlt !$ d], !((! Effu ! Wff/f ! != ;Dk"0f{ hgtfx?nfO{ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ 5 . To; clwsf/sf] sf/0f g} pgLx? :jtGqtfk"j{s cfkmgf] /fhg}lts x}l;ot lgwf{/0f ub{5g\ tyf :jtGqtfk"j{s cfkmgf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts ljsf;df nfUb5g\ .

  18. cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/sf] sfof{Gjog • cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ ljv08gsf nflu xf]Og • cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ cfk;L ;xof]usf nflu xf] • cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;fem]bf/Lsf nflu xf] • ;+ljwfg;efn] cflbjf;L hghfltx?nfO{ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/pkef]u ug{ lbg'kg]{ • ca aGg] gof+ ;+ljwfgdf cfTdlg0fo{sf] clwsf/ cflbjf;L hghfltsf] df}lns clwsf/sf ?kdf pNN]v x'g' kg]{

  19. #= :jfoQtf jf :jzf;gsf] clwsf/ Wff/f $ cflbjf;L hghflt;+u pgLx¿sf] cfTdlg0f{o;DaGwL clwsf/ pkef]u ubf{ cfk\mgf cfGtl/s tyf :yfgLo dfldnf;+u ;DalGwt s'/fx¿ Pj+ cfk\mgf :jfoQ sfo{x¿df nufgL ug]{ pkfo / dfWodx?af/] :jfoQ x'g] jf :jzf;gsf]clwsf/ 5 . wf/f % cflbjf;L hghflt;+u cfˆ\mgf] k[ys\ /fhgLlts, sfg'gL, cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts Joj:yfnfO{ sfod /fVg] tyf ;an agfpg] clwsf/ 5 eg] pgLx¿n] rfx]df /fHosf] /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts lqmofsnfkdf k"0f{¿kdf ;xefuL x'g] clwsf/ klg 5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df cflbjf;L hghfltx?n] vf]h]sf] hftLo :jfoQtf ;+ljwfg;efn] agfpg] gof+ ;+ljwfgdf df}lns xssf?kdf ;'lglZrt xg' kg]{ .

  20. $= hdLg / k|fs[lts ;|f]tx? Dfflysf] clwsf/ wf/f @^=!= cflbjf;L hghflt;+u pgLx¿n] k/Dk/fb]lv g} cfk\mgf] :jfldTjdf /fv]sf, sAhf u/]sf] jf cGo lsl;daf6 k|of]u ub{} cfPsf] jf xfl;n u/]sf] e"ld, If]q tyf cGo ;+;fwgx?dflysf] clwsf/ 5 . wf/f @^= @= cflbjf;L hghflt;+u k/Dk/fut :jfldTj jf cGo k/Dk/fut sAhf jf k|of]usf sf/0f pgLx?;Fu /x]sf] tyf pgLx¿n] cGo lsl;daf6 xfl;n u/]sf e"ld, If]q tyf ;+;fwgx?sf] :jfldTj kfpg], ltgsf] k|of]u ug{], ljsf; ug{] tyf lgoGq0f ug{] clwsf/ 5 . wf/f @^= #= /fHon] oL e"ld, If]q tyf ;+;fwgx¿nfO{ sfg'gL dfGotf tyf ;+/If0f lbg]]5g\ . To:tf] dfGotf ;DalGwt cflbjf;L hghfltsf] k|rng, k/Dk/f tyf e"ld :jfldTj k|yfnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} k|bfg ul/g]5 .

  21. $= clwsf/ hdLg / k|fs[lts ;|f]tx? Dfflysf] wf/f @% cflbjf;L hghflt;+u k/Dk/fb]lv g} pgLx?n] cfk\mgf] :jfldTjdf /fv]sf jf cGo lsl;daf6 sAhf u/L k|of]u ub{} cfPsf] e"ld, If]q, kfgL / t6jtL{o ;d'b| tyf cGo ;+;fwg;Fusf] pgLx¿sf] k[ys\ cfWoflTds ;DaGwnfO{ sfod /fVg] tyf ;'b[9 kfg{] tyf o; ;DaGwdf efjL k':tfk|ltsf]cfk\mgf] pQ/bfloTj jxg ug{] clwsf/ 5 . wf/f @^ != cflbjf;Lx¿nfO{ pgLx¿n] k/Dk/fb]lv g} :jfldTj xfl;n ub{} cfPsf, sAhf ul/Psf jf cGo lsl;daf6 k|of]u ub{} cfPsf jf xfl;n ul/Psf e"ld, If]q / ;|f]tx¿dflysf] clwsf/ 5 . @= cflbjf;Lx¿nfO{ k/Dk/fut :jfldTj jf cGo k/Dk/fut sAhf jf k|of]usf sf/0f cfkm";Fu /x]sf tyf pgLx¿n] cGo lsl;daf6 xfl;n u/]sf e"ld, If]q tyf ;|f]tx¿dfly :jfldTj hdfpg], ltgLx¿sf] k|of]u ug{], ljsf; ug{] tyf lgoGq0f ug{] clwsf/ 5 . #= /fi6«n] tL e"ld, If]q tyf ;|f]tx¿nfO{ sfg'gL dfGotf tyf ;+/If0f lbg'kg{]5 . o:tf dfGotf ;DalGwt cflbjf;Lx¿sf] k|yf, k/Dk/f tyf e"ld :jfldTj k|0ffnLnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} k|bfg ul/g]5 .

  22. $= hdLg / k|fs[lts ;|f]tx? Dfflysf] clwsf/ wf/f * -@_ M /fHon] lgDg sfo{nfO{ /f]Sg jf ;Daf]wg ug{ k|efjsf/L sbd rfNg]5g\M s_ ljzLi6 klxrfg jf ;f+:s[lts d'No jf hftLo klxrfgaf6 al~rt ug]{ p2]Zo jf k|efj kfg]{ s'g} klg sfo{, v_ cfk\mgf e"ldx?, l;dfgfx? Jff ;|f]tx? Aff6 al~rt ug]{ p2]Zo jf k|efj kfg]{ s'g} klg sfo{, u_ plgx?sf] clwsf/nfO{ xgg\ jf x]nf xf]rf] ub}{ ha/h:tL csf]{ 7fp+df ;fg]{p2]Zo jf k|efj kfg]{ s'g} klg sfo{, 3_ sfg"gL, k|zf;gLs jf cGo s'g} klg tl/sfn] cGo ;+:[slt;+u hj/h:tL ld;fpg] jf Pls/0f ug]{ s'g} klg tl/sfx? 8=_ pgLx?sf la?4 nlIftx'g]ul/ ul/Psf glZno jf hftLo e]befjnfO{ ;+/If0f ug]{ jf pQ]hgf km}nfpg] s'g}klg k|sf/sf k|rf/jfhLs]f l8hfOg

  23. %= :jtGq, k"j{ / hfgsf/ :jLs[ltsf]clwsf/ Wff/f !) M cflbjf;L hghfltnfO{ pgLx?sf] e"ld jf If]qaf6ank'j{s x6fOg]] 5}g . ;DalGwt cflbjf;L hghfltsf] :jtGq, k"j{ / hfgsf/ :jLs[lt geOsg s'g} klg k'g:yf{kgsf] sfo{, ;xdtL kl5 Gofof]lrt Ifltk"lt{ glbOsg / hxf+ ;Dej 5 Toxf+ lkmtf{x'g kfpg] ljsNk glbOsg ul/g]5}g . wf/f !( cflbjf;Lx¿nfO{ k|efljt kfg{] sfg'gL jf k|zf;lgs pkfox? cjnDag jf ug'{ jf sfof{Gjog ug'{k"j{ /fHox?n] cflbjf;L hghfltsf] :jtGq, k"j{ ;"lrt d~h'/L k|fKt ug{ ;DalGwt cflbjf;L hghfltsf cfˆg} k|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yfx¿dfkm{t pgLx¿;Fu c;n lgotaf6 k/fdz{ / ;xof]u ug{]5g\ . wf/f !* cflbjf;L hghflt;+u pgLx¿sf] cfk\mgf] clwsf/dfly k|efj kfg{] ljifox¿sf] lg0f{o k|lqmofdf pgLx¿sf] cfk\mg} k|lqmofcg'¿k pgLx¿ cfkm}n] 5fg]sf k|ltlglwdfkm{t\ ;xefuL x'g] Pj+ cfk\mg} df}lns lg0f{o ug{] ;+:yfx¿nfO{ sfod /fVg] tyf ;[hgf ug{] clwsf/ 5 .

  24. %= :jtGq, k"j{ / hfgsf/ :jLs[ltsf]clwsf/ Wff/f !) M cflbjf;L hghfltnfO{ pgLx?sf] e"ld jf If]qaf6ank'j{s x6fOg]] 5}g . ;DalGwt cflbjf;L hghfltsf] :jtGq, k"j{ / hfgsf/ :jLs[lt geOsg s'g} klg k'g:yf{kgsf] sfo{, ;xdtL kl5 Gofof]lrt Ifltk"lt{ glbOsg / hxf+ ;Dej 5 Toxf+ lkmtf{x'g kfpg] ljsNk glbOsg ul/g]5}g . Wff/f !! / !@ M cflbjf;Lx?nfO{ cfkmgf ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/fx?nfO{ k|of]u ug]{ / ;Da4{g ug]{, l;sfpg] clwsf/ 5 . wf/f !# M cflbjf;Lx?nfO{ cfkmgf] Oltxf;, dft[efiff, df}lvs k/Dk/f, bz{g, n]vg k4tL / ;flxTosf] ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g / ljsf; k':tf b/ k':tf ug]{ / cfk\mgf] ;d'bfo, 7fp+x? / JolQmx?sf] gfdx? sfod ug]{ / tf]Sg] clwsf/ 5 .

  25. %= :jtGq, k"j{ / hfgsf/ :jLs[ltsf]clwsf/ wf/f #@ @= cflbjf;L hghfltsf] e"ld jf If]q jf cGo ;+;fwg–ljz]ifu/L vlgh, hn jf cGo ;+;fwgsf] ljsf;, pkof]u jf zf]if0f;Fu ;DalGwt–nfO{ k|efljt kfg]{ s'g} cfof]hgf :jLs[t ug'{k"j{/fHox?n] cflbjf;L hghfltsf] :jtGq tyf ;"lrt ;xdlt k|fKt ug{sf nflu pgLx¿sf cfˆg} k|ltlglwd"ns ;+:yfx¿sf dfWodaf6 ;DalGwt cflbjf;L hghflt;Fu c;n lgotaf6 k/fdz{ tyf ;xof]u ug{]5g\ .

  26. %= :jtGq, k"j{ / hfgsf/ :jLs[ltsf]clwsf/ wf/f !! @= pgLx¿sf] :jtGq, k"j{ tyf ;"lrt :jLs[ltlagf jf pgLx¿sf sfg'g, k/Dk/f tyf k|rngx¿sf] pNn‹g x'g] u/L lnOPsf pgLx¿sf] ;f+:s[lts, af}l4s, wfld{s tyf cfWoflTds ;DklQx¿sf ;DaGwdf k|efjsf/L ;+oGqx?–cflbjf;L hghflt;Fusf] ;xsfo{df tof/ ul/Psf] k|Toj:ykgf–;d]tsf dfWodaf6 /fHox?n] q'6Lk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg]5 .

  27. %= :jtGq, k"j{ / hfgsf/ :jLs[ltsf]clwsf/ gof+ ;+ljwfg cflbjf;L hghfltsf k|ltlgwLd"ns ;+:yfsf k|ltlgwLx?;+u :jtGq, k'j{ / hfgsf/ :jLs[lt lng] Joj:yf ;'lglZrt ug{ kg]{ . dlGqkl/ifb, ;+;b ljwflosf, dGafnonox?, of]hgf cfof]u, lhnnf ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsf, ufp+ ljsf; ;ldlt, j8f ;ldlt nufotn] lgtL, of]hgf tyf sfo{s|dsf] lgdf{0f, sfof{Gjog / cg‘udg ubf{cflbjf;L hghfltsf k|ltlgwLd"ns ;+:yfsf k|ltlgwLx?;+u :jtGq, k'j{ / hfgsf/ :jLs[lt lng] Joj:yf ;'lglZrt ug{ kg]{ . c?0f / d:of{UbLh:tf] hnljB't kl/of]hgf, d]nDrL h:tf] vfg]kfgL kl/of]hgf cflbdf klg cflbjf;L hghfltsf k|ltlgwLd"ns ;+:yfsf k|ltlgwLx?;+u :jtGq, k'j{ / hfgsf/ :jLs[lt lng] Joj:yf ;'lglZrt ug{ kg]{ .

  28. ^= cflbjf;L ljsf; wf/f #@ != cflbjf;L hghflt;+u cfˆ\mgf] e"ld jf If]q jf cGo ;+;fwgx¿sf] ljsf; jf k|of]usf nflu k|fyldstf / /0fgLltx¿ lgwf{/0f ug{] tyf tof/ ug{] clwsf/ 5 .

  29. &= k/Dk/fut clwsf/ wf/f !! != cflbjf;L hghflt;+u pgLx¿sf] cfk\mgf] ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/f / k|rngx? dfGg] tyf ltgnfO{ k'gMhL{jg lbg]] clwsf/ 5 . o;df k'/ftflTjs tyf P]ltxfl;s :yn, snfs[lt, gd'gf, pT;j, k|ljlw tyf b[Zo Pj+ k|:t'lt snf / ;flxToh:tf pgLx¿sf ;+:s[ltsf k"j{, jt{dfg tyf efjL :j?knfO{ sfod /fVg], ;+/If0f ug{] tyf ljsf; ug{] clwsf/ ;d]t kb{5 . @= pgLx¿sf] :jtGq, k"j{ tyf ;"lrt :jLs[ltlagf jf pgLx¿sf sfg'gx¿, k/Dk/fx¿ tyf k|yfx¿ pNn‹g x'g] u/L lnOPsf pgLx¿ ;f+:s[lts, af}l4s, wfld{s tyf cfWoflTds ;DklQx¿sf ;Gbe{df k|efjsf/L ;+oGqx¿sf dfWodaf6 /fHon] Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg]5 . oL ;+oGqdf cflbjf;Lx¿;Fusf] ;xsfo{df tof/ ul/Psf] k|Tok{0f ;d]t kg{;S5 .

  30. &= k/Dk/fut clwsf/ wf/f @$ != cflbjf;L hghflt;+u cfk\mgf k/Dk/fut cf}iflw tyf cf}ifwLhGo jg:klt, hgfj/ tyf vlghx?sf] ;+/If0f nufot :jf:y ;DaGwL cfk\mgf k/Dk/fut k|rngx?nfO{ sfod /fVg kfpg] clwsf/ 5 . cflbjf;L JolQmx?;+u lagf s'g} e]befj ;Dk"0f{ ;fdflhs tyf :jf:Yo ;]jfx¿df kx'Frsf] clwsf/ klg 5 . Wff/f #$M cflbjf;L hghflt;+u cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ dfkb08cg'?k cfk\mgf ;+:yfut ;+/rgf / cfk\mgf k[ys k|rngx?, cWoflTdstf, k/Dk/f, k|sof, k|rng / cl:tTjdf/x]sf] Goflos k|0ffnL / k|rngx?sf] k|a4{g ug]{, ljsf; ug]{ tyf sfod /fVg] clwsf/ 5 .

  31. *= af}l4s ;DklQdflysf] clwsf/ Wff/f #!M cflbjf;Lx?nfO{ cfkmgf] ;f+:s[lts w/f]x/x?, k/Dk/fut 1fg / lzkx? sfod, lgoGq0f, ;+/If0f / ljsf; ug]{ clwsf/ 5 . wf/f #! != cflbjf;L hghflt;+u cfk\mgf] ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf, k/Dk/fut 1fg tyf k/Dk/fut ;f+:s[lts cleJolQm Pj+ cfk\mgf] lj1fg, k|ljlw tyf ;+:s[ltsf cltl/Qm dfgj tyf cfg'j+lzs ;+;fwg, aLplahg, cf}iflw, hLjhGt' Pj+ jfg:klts ;Dkbf;DaGwL 1fg, ng]s k/Dk/f, ;flxTo, gd'gf, v]ns'b Pj+ k/Dk/fut v]n tyf b[Zo Pj+ k|:t'lt snfx¿nfO{ sfod /fVg], lgoGq0f ug{], ;+/If0f ug{] tyf ljsf; ug{] clwsf/ 5 . pgLx¿;+u o:tf ;f+:s[lt ;Dkbf, k/Dk/fut 1fg tyf k/Dk/fut ;+f:s[lts cleJolQmx¿dfly pgLx¿sf] af}l4s ;DklQ sfod /fVg], lgoGq0f ug{], ;+/If0f ug{] tyf ljsf; ug{] clwsf/ klg 5 .

  32. (= ;~rf/ wf/f !^ != cflbjf;L hghflt;+upgLx¿sf cfˆg} efiffdf cfˆg} ;~rf/ dfWod :yfkgf ug{] / lagf s'g} e]befj ;a} k|sf/sf u}/cflbjf;L ;~rf/ dfWodx?df kx'Fr k|fKt ug{] clwsf/ 5 . @= /fHox?n] ;/sf/L] ;~rf/ dfWoddf plrt dfqfdf cflbjf;L ;+f:s[lts ljljwtf k|ltljlDat xf];\ eGg] s'/f ;'lglZrt ug{ k|efjsf/L pkfo cjnDjg ug{]5g\ . /fHox?n] cleJolQmsf] :jtGqtfsf] k"0f{ ;'lglZrttfk|lt s'g} k'jf{u|x g/fvL cflbjf;L ;f+:s[lts ljljwtfnfO{ kof{Kt dfqfdf k|ltljlDat ug{ lghL :jfldTjdf /x]sf ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{k5{ .

  33. !)= dft[efiff wf/f !$ != cflbjf;L hghflt;+u k7gkf7gsf] cfk\mgf]] ;f+:s[lts k4ltx¿;+u pko'Qm x'g] u/L cfˆg} efiffdf lzIff pknAw u/fpg] cfk\mgf lzIf0f k|0ffnL / ;+:yfgx¿sf] :yfkgf tyf ltgdfly lgoGq0fug{] clwsf/ 5 . @= cflbjf;L JolQmx¿, ljz]ifu/L afnaflnsf;+u lagf s'g} e]befj /fHosf] lzIffsf] ;Dk"0f{ tx tyf :j¿kdf clwsf/ 5 . #= cflbjf;L JolQmx¿, ljz]ifu/L] cfk\mgf]] ;d'bfoaflx/ hLjgofkg ub{} cfPsf nufotsf afnaflnsf, sf nflu ;Dej ePdf pgLx¿sf] cfˆg} ;+:s[ltdf cfˆg} efiffdf k|bfg ul/Psf] lzIffdf kx'Fr pknAw u/fpg /fHon] cflbjf;L hghflt;Fusf] ;xsfo{df k|efjsf/L pkfo cjnDjg ug{]5g\ .

  34. !)= dft[efiff wf/f !% != cflbjf;L hghflt;+u pgLx¿sf] cfk\mgf] ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f, Oltxf; tyf cfsfª\Iffx¿sf] dof{bf tyf ljljwtf;DaGwL clwsf/ 5 / of] lzIff tyf ;fj{hlgs ;"rgfdf pko'Qm¿kdf k|ltljlDat x'g'kg{]5 . @= /fHox?n] k"jf{u|xlj?4 ;‹if{ ug{ / lje]b pGd""ng ug{ tyf cflbjf;L hghflt / ;dfhsf cGo ;Dk"0f{ ju{x¿aLr ;lxi0f'tf, ;dembf/L / ;';DaGw k|a4{g ug{ ;DalGwt cflbjf;L hghflt;Fusf] k/fdz{ tyf ;xof]udf k|efjsf/L pkfox¿ ug{]5g\ .

  35. !!= dlxnf, afnaflnsf, ckfË, o'jf tyf Ho]i7 gful/s wf/f $$ oxfF pNn]v ul/Psf ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ tyf :jtGqtf cflbjf;L dlxnf tyf k'?if k|To]ssf nflu ;dfg ¿kdf k|Tofe"t ul/Psf] 5 . wf/f @@ != of] 3f]if0ffkqsf] sfof{Gjogsf qmddf cflbjf;L Ho]i7 gful/s, dlxnf, o'jf, afnaflnsf tyf ckfËsf clwsf/ tyf ljlzi6 cfjZostfx¿k|lt ljz]if Wofg lbOg]5 . @= cflbjf;L dlxnfx¿ tyf afnaflnsfn] k"0f{ ;+/If0f pkef]u ul//x]sf] tyf ;a} lsl;dsf lx+;f tyf lje]blj?4 k|Tofe"lt ;'lglZrt ug{ /fi6«n] cflbjf;Lx¿;Fusf] ;xsfo{df kxnx¿ ug{]5 .

  36. !!= cGt/fli6«o ;xof]u wf/f #(M cflbjf;Lx?nfO{ /fHo / cGo cGt/fli6«o ;xof]usf dfWod cflbjf;Lsf clwsf/ pkef]u ug{ ljlQo / k|fljlws ;xof]u lng kfpg] clwsf/ 5 .

  37. 3f]if0ffkqsf] x}l;ot • cflbjf;L hghfltx?n] nfdf] ;do ;Dd w}o{tf k'j{s u/]sf] ;+3if{sf] kl/0ffd • 3f]if0ffkqn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] dfq b[li6sf]0fsf] k|ltlgwLTj ub}{g / cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] dfq b[li6sf]0fsf] k|ltlgwLTj ub}{g . 3f]if0ffkqn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 / cflbjf;L hghflt b'j}sf] :jfy{nfO{ ;+of]hg ub{5 / efjL vfsf -km|]djs{_ tof/ ub{5 . • of] 3f]if0ffkq cfk;L klxrfg / ;Ddfgdf cfwfl/tzlfGt / Gofosf] ;fwg xf] • cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] j}wflgs rfxgfnfO{ d'v/Lt u/]sf] • cflbjf;Lx?sf] clwsf/sf ;DaGwdf Go"gtd :t/ lgwf{/0f

  38. 3f]if0ffkqsf] x}l;ot • 3f]if0ffkqdf ePsf clwsf/x? gof+ geP/ k'/fg}dfq xf] t/ tL clwsf/ ljutdf cflbjf;L hghfltx?nfO{ al~rt ul/Psf] lyof] • cflbjf;L hghfltx?n] vf]h] htL geP klg cflbjf;Lx?sf] clwsf/sf] 9f]sf vf]n]sf] • cle;GwL !^( df eGbf w]/} / Jofks clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ePsf]n] dxTjk"0f{ pe|bf] cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g • k/Dk/fut sfg"g -si6d/L n_ sf] ?k ln+b} uPsf] • ;/sf/;+u ;Dafbsf] 9f]sf v'n]sf] • sfg'gL?kdf afWosf/L geP klg afWosf/L ;/x

  39. 3f]if0ffkqsf] x}l;ot • 3f]if0ffkqdf ePsf k|fjwfgx?sf] sfof{Gjog tkm{ ;a}sf] rf;f] a9]sf] • 3f]if0ffkqsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3df /fi6« jf ;/sf/ k|d'vx?sf] cGt/f{li6«o e]nfsf] ;f]r • “cflbjf;Lx?n] cGt/f{li6«o sfg"gaf6 g}lts ljho k|fKtug{ ;Sb5g\ t/ jf:tljs zQmL eg] ;fj{ef}d /fHox?sf xftdf cGt/gxLt 5 h:n] cGt/f{li6«o dfgsnfO{ j]jf:tfug{ ;Sb5g\ .” – ljnLod lsdnLsf -!(((M@(#_ “cflbjf;L clwsf/sf] k|lzIf0f”, o'lgel;{6L ckm 6f]/G6f] n hg{n, $(, k[i7 @*!–@(#_ “Indigenous Peoples may get moral victories from international law, but the real power remains vested in the hands of sovereign states, who can and do ignore international norms.” – William Kymlicka (1999) “Training INidigenous Rights” University of Tornoto Law Journal, 49, Pages 281-293.

  40. 3f]if0ffkqsf ;DaGwdf g]kfnsf] bfoLTj • 3f]if0ffkqsf] kIfdf dtbfg u/]sf]n] o;nfO{ g]kfnn] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{' g}lts bfoLTj xf] . • g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3 / cflbjf;L hghflt ;o'Qm ;+3if{ ;ldlt;+u cu:t &, @))& sf lbg uf]bfj/Ldf ePsf] @) a"+b] ;xdtLsf] a"+bf !@ df “cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] clwsf/ ;DaGwL /fi6«;+3Lo 3f]i0ffkqnfO{ cg'df]bg ug]{ ;DaGwdf cfjZos sfg"gL k|s[of k'/f u/L cljnDa pko'Qm sbd rflng]5 .” • 3f]if0ffkqsf] sfof{Gjog ug{' /fhg}lts bn, ;+ljwfg;ef, GofokfnLsf, dlGqkl/ifb, /fli6«o of]hgf cfo]fu, ;a} dGqfnox?, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsf, ufp+ ljsf; ;ldlt / j8f ;ldlt nufotsf s]Gb| b]\vL :yfgLo tx;Ddsf /fHosf lgsfox?sf] g}lts bfoLTj xf] . • 3f]if0ffkqsf] sfof{Gjog ug{, u/fpg bjfj lbg' cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] clwsf/ xf] .

  41. 3f]if0ffkqsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu k|lti7fg, dxf;+3 nufotsf hftLo ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] s] ug]{ uxg / ;fy{s ;Dafb • s]Gb| ;/sf/ / cflbjf;L hghflt ljr • :yfgLo ;/sf/ / cflbjf;L hghflt ljr • u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? Nufotsf gful/s ;dfh / cflbjf;L hghflt ljr • lghL If]q / cflbjf;L hghflt ljr • bft[ ;+:yfx? / cflbjf;L hghflt ljr ;+ljwfg ;ef / gof+ ;+ljwfg • df}lns xssf ?kdf :jlsf/ ug{ kg]{ • cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ / hftLo :jfoQtf jf :jzf;g ;'lglZrt ug{ kg]{ ljwflosf ;+;b • Af]nLeLofn] h:t} 3f]if0ffkqnfO{ h:tfs]f t:t} sfg"g agfpg]

  42. 3f]if0ffkqsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu s] ug]{ 3f]if0ffkqsf] cleefjsTj • /fli6«o :t/df dxf;GwL !^( s]f cleefjsTj :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] lnPsf]n] ;f]xL dGqfnon] lng] • ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] lgsfodWo]df dxf;GwL !^( s]f cleefjsTj cfO=Pn=cf]=n] lnP h:t} 3f]if0ffkqsf] cleefjsTj o'==Pg=8L=kL=n] lng kg]{

  43. 3f]if0ffkqsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu s] ug]{ ;r]tgf • cf]=Pr=l;=Pr=cf/=n] 3f]if0ffkqnfO{ c+u|]hLaf6 v;g]kfnL efiffdf cg'jfb, k|sfzg / ljt/0f u/]sf] k|z+;gLo 5 . • of] 3f]iff0ffkq dft[efiffx?df cg'jfb, k|sfzg / ljt/0f ug{ kg]{

  44. 3f]if0ffkqsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu s] ug]{ ;r]tgf • of] 3f]if0ffkqsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{sfnflu 3f]if0ffkqsf jf/]df k|lzIf0f jf r]tgf clea[l4 sfo{s|d • /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u • dGqfnox?sf ;lrj, ;x;lrj, pk;lrj / zfvf clws[tx? • lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt • lhNnfsf ;]jf k|bfos lgsfo • Uff=lj=;= / j8f ;ldlt

  45. 3f]if0ffkqsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu s] ug]{ ;r]tgf • of] 3f]if0ffkqsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{sfnflu 3f]if0ffkqsf jf/]df k|lzIf0f jf r]tgf clea[l4 sfo{s|d • /fhg}ltsbnx? • s]Gb|Lo ;dldlt . Kf]nL6 So“/f] • lhNnf ;dlflt • ufp+ ;ldlt • Efft[ / e;ugL ;+u7gx? • ;+rf/ dfWod • b}lgs kqklqsfsf ;Dkfbg d08n / :tDe n]vsx? • 6]nLeLhgsf sfo{s|d pTkfbs / k|:tf]tfx?, / ;dfrf/ ;Dkfbsx? • Pkm=Pd= nufotsf /]8Lof]sf sfo{s|d pTkfbs / ;Dkfbsx?

  46. 3f]if0ffkqsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu s] ug]{ /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u • cflbjf;L hghfltaf6 ;b:o lgo'QmLsf] Joj:yf • cflbjf;L hghfltsf] clwsf/sf ;DaGwdf ljz]if ;dflwIfs -:k]zn ¥ofkf]6{/sf] Joj:yf • 3f]if0ffkq -/ cfO{=Pn=cf]= dxf;GwL !^( nufot_ sf] lgodLt cg'udg ug{ kg]{ • dfgj clwsf/sf ;+3 ;+:yfsf dfgj clwsf/sdL{ jf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifsx?nfO{ 3f]if0ffkqsfjf/]df ;r]tgf / k|lzIf0f

  47. 3f]if0ffkqsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu s] ug]{ ;/sf/sf] cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/ ;DaGwL sfo{bn jf kmf]sn KjfOG6 jf kmf]sn k;{g • 3f]if0ffkqsf] sfof{gjogsf nflu sfo{of]hgf • cfjZos ;Nnfx • lgodLt cg'udg

  48. xf]5]{ wGojfb

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