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Unit 1 – Ecology Standards

Unit 1 – Ecology Standards. S7CS3. Students will use tools and instruments for observing, measuring, S7CS5. Students will question scientific claims and arguments effectively. S7CS6. Students will investigate the features of the process of scientific inquiry. . Ways of science.

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Unit 1 – Ecology Standards

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  1. Unit 1 – EcologyStandards • S7CS3. Students will use tools and instruments for observing, measuring, • S7CS5. Students will question scientific claims and arguments effectively. • S7CS6. Students will investigate the features of the process of scientific inquiry.

  2. Ways of science • Scientific method • Ways that scientists follow steps to answer questions and solve problems

  3. Ways of science • Steps in the scientific method • Note: steps are the same; order can change • Question/Problem • What do you want to know? • Research/Background info • Find out more about it. • Hypothesis (can be redone) • Develop the possible answer • If _____________, then __________. • Experiment/Procedures • Test the possible answer. • Analysis/Data • Examine the results. • Conclusion • Is the answer what you thought it would be? Explain.

  4. Homework (8/18/11) • Write out directions on how to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich!

  5. Unit 1 - Ecology(Interdependence of Life Fall 2011 Mrs. Cole 7th grade science

  6. Unit 1 – Ecology: Standards S7L1 Students will investigate the diversity of living organisms and how they can be compared scientifically. • b. Classify organisms based on a six-kingdom system and a dichotomous key. • S7L4 Students will examine the dependence of organisms on one another and their environments. • c. Recognize that changes in environmental conditions can affect the survival of both individuals and entire species. • e. Describe the characteristics of Earth’s major terrestrial biomes (i.e., tropical rain forest, savanna, temperate, desert, taiga, tundra, and mountain) and aquatic communities (i.e., freshwater, estuaries, and marine).

  7. Unit 1 – EcologyVocabulary • Ecology • Biotic • Abiotic • Biome • Ecosystem • Savanna • Desert • Tundra • Taiga • Aquatic • Tropical rain forest • Temperate deciduous forest • Freshwater • Estuary • Marine • Swamp • Marsh

  8. Biomes ABIOTIC FACTORS BIOTIC FACTORS • Climate • Water • Sunlight • Wind • Rocks • Think…non-living things • Plants • Animals • Protists • Bacteria • Think…all living things

  9. Ecology Ecosystem Biome • a community of organisms (living things - biotic) and their abiotic (non-living) environment • a very large area characterized by its climate and the plants and animals that live in that area.

  10. Unit 1 – Ecology: Standards • S7L4 Students will examine the dependence of organisms on one another and their environments. • e. Describe the characteristics of Earth’s major terrestrial biomes (i.e., tropical rain forest, savanna, temperate, desert, taiga, tundra, and mountain) and aquatic communities (i.e., freshwater, estuaries, and marine). http://www.brainpop.com/

  11. Terrestrial Biomes • Tundra • Climate • Average yearly rainfall: • 12 to 20 in (30 to 50 cm) • Average temps • Daytime: 54ºF (12ºC) • Nighttime: -26ºF (-15ºC) • Animals • Caribou, oxen, reindeer • Plants • Small shrubs and grasses • Layer of soil beneath the surface that stays frozen (permafrost)

  12. Terrestrial Biomes • Taiga • Climate • Average yearly rainfall: • 15 to 30 in.(38 to 76 cm) – mostly snow • Average temps • Daytime: 70ºF (21ºC) • Nighttime: 20ºF (-7ºC) • Animals • Beavers, grizzly bears, wolves • Plants • Dense forests of evergreen trees

  13. Terrestrial Biomes • Coniferous forests • Climate • Average yearly rainfall: 14 to 29.5 in (35 to 75 cm) • Average temps • Summer: 57ºF (14ºC) • Winter: 14ºF (-10ºC) • Animals • Deer, moose, squirrels, insects • Plants • Trees that produces seeds in cones (evergreen)

  14. Terrestrial Biomes • Temperate deciduous forests • Climate • Average yearly rainfall: 29.5 to 49 in (75 to 125 cm) • Average temps • Summer: 82ºF (28º C) • Winter: 43ºF (6ºC) • Animals • Bears, snakes, birds, insects • Plants • Trees with leaves that change color and shed

  15. Terrestrial Biomes • Tropical rain forests • Climate • Average yearly rainfall: • up to 157.5 in (400 cm) • Average temps • Daytime: 93ºF (34ºC) • Nighttime: 68ºF (20ºC) • Animals • Most diverse • Birds, reptiles, mammals • Plants • Tall trees that form green roofs (canopy) • Vines • Low plants

  16. Terrestrial Biomes • Savanna • Climate • Average yearly rainfall: • up to 59 in (130 cm) • Average temps • Dry season: 93ºF (34ºC) • Wet season: 61ºF (16ºC) • Animals • Lions, elephants, zebra • Plants • Open grasslands that dry out and turn yellow during the dry season • Very few trees

  17. Terrestrial Biomes • Desert • Climate • Average yearly rainfall: • Less than 10 in. (25 cm) • Average temps • Summer: 100ºF (38ºC) • Winter: 45ºF (7ºC) • Animals • Birds, rodents, snakes, lizard • Plants • Plants with fleshy leaves and stems and deep roots • Waxy coating to prevent water loss

  18. Unit 1 – Ecology: Standards • S7L4 Students will examine the dependence of organisms on one another and their environments. • e. Describe the characteristics of Earth’s major terrestrial biomes (i.e., tropical rain forest, savanna, temperate, desert, taiga, tundra, and mountain) and aquatic communities (i.e., freshwater, estuaries, and marine). http://www.brainpop.com/

  19. Aquatic Ecosystems Marine (Oceans) Freshwater • Intertidal • Near shore • Organisms live in and out of water • Coral reefs • Warm, shallow area • Coral, sponges, sea stars • Sargasso sea • Middle of the Atlantic ocean • Floating algae • Polar ice • Around the Arctic and Antarctica • Estuary • where salt meets fresh • mixture • Stream and river • Think ‘fast moving’ water • Rivers are simply strong, wide streams • Pond and lake • Enclosed body of water • Plants grow near the shoreline • Wetlands (area of land partially under water) • Marsh • Grasses, reeds, wild rice • Swamp • Trees and vines

  20. Aquatic Ecosystems Marine (Oceans) • Intertidal • Location: Found near the shore • Type of water: Salt • Movement of water: crashing waves; constant movement • Plant life: plankton • Animal life: worms, clams, crabs

  21. Aquatic Ecosystems Marine (Oceans) • Coral Reefs • Location: warm • Type of water: Salt • Movement of water: steady, subtle • Plant life: algae • Animal life: corals, sponges, sea stars

  22. Aquatic Ecosystems Marine (Oceans) • Sargasso Sea • Location: middle of the Atlantic Ocean • Type of water: Salt • Movement of water: constant, subtle • Plant life: algae called sargassums

  23. Aquatic Ecosystems Marine (Oceans) • Polar Ice (remember: ice is a form of water) • Location: around the Arctic and Antartica • Type of water: Salt • Movement of water: slow moving (lots of ice) • Plant life: plankton • Animal life: polar bears, penguins

  24. Aquatic Ecosystems Estuary • Location: where fresh water spills into the ocean • Type of water: mixture of fresh and salt • Movement of water: swirling, mixing • Plant life: plankton, grasses • Animal life: large variety that can survive in changing concentrations of salt

  25. Aquatic Ecosystems Freshwater • Stream and River • Location: runs through land, into other streams/rivers, out to the ocean • Type of water: Fresh • Movement of water: fast moving • Plant life: large variety of plants, moss, algae • Animal life: fish, clams, snails, frogs, etc.

  26. Aquatic Ecosystems Freshwater • Ponds and Lakes • Location: surrounded by land • Type of water: Fresh • Movement of water: slower than rivers and streams • Plant life: cattails, rushes, algae • Animal life: frogs, turtles, fish, snakes, clams

  27. Aquatic Ecosystems Freshwater • Wetland (marshes and swamps) • Location: surrounded by land • Type of water: Fresh • Movement of water: slow moving or stagnant • Plant life: grasses, reeds, wild rice, vines • Animal life: fishes, snakes, birds, frogs, turtles • DIFFERENCE: swamps have trees; marshes don’t have trees.

  28. Sum it all up! Terrestrial Biomes Aquatic Ecosystems • Tundra • Taiga • Coniferous forest • Temperate deciduous forest • Tropical rain forest • Savanna • Desert • Marine (Ocean) • Estuary • Freshwater

  29. Unit 1 – Ecology: Standards • S7L4 Students will examine the dependence of organisms on one another and their environments. • c. Recognize that changes in environmental conditions can affect the survival of both individuals and entire species.

  30. Environmental Factors Pollution • Garbage • Medical waste • Lead paint • Hazardous wastes • These can catch fire, eat through metals or make people sick.

  31. Environmental Factors Pollution • Chemicals • CFCs (chlorofluorocarbon ) • Destroys the ozone layer • Used in aerosols and plastics • PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyl) • Poisonous and can cause cancer • Used in appliances and paints

  32. Environmental Factors Pollution • High-Powered Wastes • Radioactive • Nuclear plants • Gases • Carbon dioxide (acts like a greenhouse) • Noise • Constructions zones • Can impact ability to hear

  33. Environmental Factors Resource Depletion • Renewable • Can be replaced at the same rate it is used • Solar, wind energy, water • Nonrenewable • Cannot be replaced OR can only be replaced over thousands of years. • Minerals, fossil fuels (oil and coal)

  34. Environmental Factors Overpopulation • Number of organisms is too large for the available resources • Human population (too many people in one area) • Animal population (producers versus consumers)

  35. Human interaction How can we help? • Plant more trees and other vegetation • Plants provide oxygen! • Recycle, recycle, recycle • Limit use of poisonous pesticides • Use natural pesticides instead • Stop destruction of habitats • Takes away food source and living spaces • Stop overhunting/overfishing

  36. Animal adaptation Temperature • Heat • Large surface area to release heat (large ears on jack rabbit) • Light colors to absorb heat (tan or beige coats) • Sleeping patterns (sleep in burrows during day; hunt at night)

  37. Animal adaptation Temperature • Cold • Extra layer of fat (polar bears, seals) • Hibernation (bears) • Thick coat of fur (camel: remember it DOES get cold in the desert) • Huddling together (to conserve heat)

  38. Animal adaptation Precipitation • Waxy leaves (to conserve water) • Hump/storage portion of body (camel/Gila monster) • Large root system

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