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Europe in Flames

Europe in Flames. Opener. When is it alright for a nation to go to War? Under what circumstances does a country or people have the right to defend themselves? . Rise of Fascism. Axis Powers Germany Italy Japan Fascism driven by Political/Economic problems Post WWI

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Europe in Flames

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  1. Europe in Flames

  2. Opener • When is it alright for a nation to go to War? Under what circumstances does a country or people have the right to defend themselves?

  3. Rise of Fascism • Axis Powers • Germany • Italy • Japan • Fascism driven by • Political/Economic problems Post WWI • People wanted strong leaders

  4. What is Fascism • Military Dictatorship • Racist Ultranationalistic • Partnership with business to control market

  5. Benito Mussolini of Italy • Prime Minister of Italy • Anti-Communist/ Nationalistic • Blackshirts -paramilitary group

  6. Il Duce NN • 1925, led Fascismo single-party state • Came from fasces, (Latin) A bundle of rods bound around an axe • A Roman symbol of authority and strength

  7. Adolf Hitler of Germany • Blamed Communists Foreign Powers • Believed Jews controlled world’s finances • Brownshirts or Schutzstaffel (SS)

  8. National Socialist (Nazi) Party • Attracted the unemployed • Won seats in Germany’s Parliament (Reichstag) • Hitler named chancellor • Communists blamed for Reichstag fire • Hitler takes dictatorial power • Police state crushes opposition • Sources of Power: • Nationalistic theatrics, ceremony and patriotism • bankrolled by militant industrialists • supported by army /secret police

  9. Hitler’s Plans • Reunite the German-speaking people • Rearm Germany • Crush Jewish power • Expand Germany’s land “Lebensraum”

  10. Japanese Imperialism • Emperor Hirohito living god • Warrior code indoctrinated soldier and society • Militaristic Nationalists led by Hideki Tojo • Invade China and SE Asia to to gain resources

  11. Fight for China • 1937 Japanese invade China • Takes Beijing, all major Chinese cities • Japanese sink US ship-Panay • FDR gave loans to Chinese Nationalists • Began export ban to Japan

  12. American Neutrality 1935 • Italy Invades Ethiopia • Neutrality Act • Barred sale of arms to all belligerents • Oil not part of embargo • sales to Italy triple

  13. FDR and American Isolationism • “America actively engages in the search for peace,” • Recommended “quarantining” the aggressors • acknowledging without identifying them

  14. Appeasement 1938 • March: Germany annexes Austria (Anschluss) • September: German demands Sudetenland, German part of Czechoslovakia • Munich- Britain / France accept demands • pressed Czechs give up land • 1939: Hitler takes rest of Czechoslovakia

  15. WWII 1939 • Hitler demanded City of Gdansk • Germany/Soviet Union non-aggression pact • September 1: Germany Invades Poland • France/Britain declare war on Germany • FDR didn’t have votes to overturn neutrality

  16. Nazi Onslaught • Blitzkrieg “lightning war” • Coordinated attack Infantry, Artillery, Tanks and Airplanes • Germany defeats • Denmark • Norway • The Netherlands • Belgium • France • Allied armies retreat • British escape at Dunkirk

  17. Roosevelt’s Stopgap • Cash and Carry: Allies can buy US arms / transport themselves • Italy joins Germany • Roosevelt freezes assets to prevent Germans from using • FDR sells the British “surplus” American arms • Trades American destroyers to British for Caribbean bases

  18. Taking a Stand • Congress approved Lend-Lease Act- $781 Billion (2012) • Four Freedom speech • Atlantic Charter outlining war aims • Shoot on Sight

  19. AIR RAID PEARL HARBOR. THIS IS NOT A DRILL • Two Japanese air attacks • US loses 19 ships • 292 aircraft • 2,403 Americans, military and civilian, had been killed • 1,178 wounded • Roosevelt asks Congress for a Declaration of War

  20. Closer • Would you ever choose to go to war? Under what circumstances would you be willing to fight on behalf of your country?

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