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ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE POLICE FIELD OPERATIONS AND PATROL

ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE POLICE FIELD OPERATIONS AND PATROL. I. INTRODUCTION A. The uniformed field officer is the personification of law enforcement in the United States. 1. Field officers become the representatives of city government , because they are highly visible.

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ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE POLICE FIELD OPERATIONS AND PATROL

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  1. ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE POLICE FIELD OPERATIONSAND PATROL

  2. I. INTRODUCTION A. The uniformedfield officer is the personification of law enforcement in the United States.

  3. 1. Field officers become the representatives of city government, because they are highlyvisible.

  4. 2. How does the community see the police? a. Majority of the people in the community respect the police (1) they know and respect them as theirprotectors.

  5. b. Others, see the uniformed officer as a nuisance. c. Some look upon them as theenemy.

  6. 3. The officer has a responsibility to serve all members of the community with equal dedication, respect, and with a sense ofjustice.

  7. 4. Approximately one-half of all the local police departments in the United States employ fewer than 10 officers. a. Less opportunity in these small agencies to specialize.

  8. 5. At the other end of the spectrum, we have34police departments and 12 sheriff's departmentsthat are quite sophisticated and highly specialized, employing more than 1000 officers.

  9. a. Officers assigned a specific line of duty, such as detective, juvenile detective, burglary detective, or homicidedetective as example.

  10. 6. The basic field unit is usually known as the patrol division.

  11. B. Objectives of police field operations 1. Defense of life and property a. The phrase -- "To protect and serve"-- means to provide all those services a police officer will be expected and required to provide.

  12. (1) Agencies must open lines of communication between the peopleandthe officers who serve them. (a) Included in this category is the function of "community relations"

  13. (b) "Community relations" is a series of programs to educate and inform the public about department attitudes andpolicies concerning law enforcement and crimeprevention.

  14. 2. Participativelaw enforcement a. Attitudes of the people about how effective the police are in protectingthem is extremely important.

  15. b. Teamwork between the publicandthe police is very important if police are to perform effectively. c. There needs to be a constant interchange of ideas and expression of needs between the police and the people.

  16. d. Police need to make a constant and deliberate effort to know their district and the people in it. (1) Some people have called this "community-oriented policing".

  17. e. The field officer's responsibility is to ensure that this one - on - one relationship between themselves and the public yields maximum results.

  18. f. There must be a constant effort to allow the people to know the overall attitudes of the department toward itsgeneral and specific responsibilities.

  19. g. There is no better opportunity for the police officer to cultivate attitudes toward the police (positive, it is hoped) than through personal and informal contacts.

  20. 3. Prevention of criminal and delinquentbehavior a. This police objective is aimed at ways and means of reducing the desire to commit crime.

  21. b. There is no way to measure how much crime police prevent. c. It is nearly impossible for police to convince the successful burglar who makesthousandsof tax-free dollars per month that crime does not pay.

  22. d. The police have a responsibility to identify those offenders, delinquents, and near - delinquents before anarrestbecomes necessary. e. Through keen observation and diligent investigation, the officer attempts to locateanddetain the first-offender either before or during the commission of a criminal act.

  23. 4. Repression of criminal and delinquent behavior a. Repression of crime is generally accomplished either by having police officers maintaining a highly visible profile or by publicizing a highly activeundercoveroperation.

  24. b. The objective is to cause people to decide not to commit crimes for fear of being caught in the act. c. The theory is based upon the assumption that people will not commit crimes if they believe they are certain to be arrested when they do.

  25. d. Policeomnipresence - thewould - becriminal will refrain from misbehaving because of the likelihood that police will suddenly pop out from nowhere and arrest him.

  26. e. Crime repression by police patrol is to try to create an impression of totalandcontinuous presence without creating an air ofoppressivedominance.

  27. (1) A continuous and unpredictable patrol by the field officer is an attempt to create this feeling ofomnipresence.

  28. f. One of the most effective activities of the crime repressive role of the police is the field interview program, which consists of making actual field contact with individuals police encounter in theirpatrolarea.

  29. (1) When a suspects presence causes the officer to have reasonable suspicion as to their identity and motive for being where they are under the circumstances that call for further inquiry.

  30. 5. Identification and apprehensionof, and conviction of, offenders a. Field officers must know their patrol area and thebehaviorpatterns of the people in them.

  31. b. Patrol officers must be in a position to readily identify obvious or suspected violations of the laws and to take immediate enforcement action when possible. c. It is an officer’s responsibility to know what is a crime and what is not.

  32. d. The officer must begin the investigation as soon as possible. (1) Locate and question victims and witnesses. (2) Protect the crime scene against furthercontamination. (3) Attempt to locate and apprehend the suspect.

  33. e. The due process provisions of the Constitution of the United States and thecourtsinterpretations have served as controlling influences on such police procedures as field interviews, stopandfrisk, arrest, search, seizureof evidence, interviewing the suspect, use of force, and various other activities.

  34. (1) It is the officer’s duty to assure fair presentation of evidence in court to assure a conviction that will withstand the test of constitutionality.

  35. 6. Traffic flow and collision reduction a. Traffic must befree - flowing and collision-freeso that people may move safely from one place to another.

  36. b. The police must determine the causes of congestion and to relieve it. c. This involves investigation and the three E's: education, engineering, and enforcement.

  37. (1) Enforcement most highly visible aspect of the police traffic responsibility. (a) Focus attention on those violations that cause the most number of injuries and propertydamage.

  38. (2) Engineering - analysis of the collision statistics show that an inordinate number of unlawful left turns at a certain intersection are listed as the cause of collisions.

  39. (a) May need a left turn lane and a trafficsignal with a left - turn green sequence. (b) Officers in the field can recognize these problem because they are dealing with it on adailybasis.

  40. (c) Officers should pass this information on to the city traffic engineer or public works department.

  41. (3) The education aspect of traffic control can reduce collisions by requiring violators to attendtrafficschool classes. (a) Education of the driving public is aimed at changing the behavior andattitude of people who knowingly disobey the law.

  42. 7. Maintenance of order and the public peace a. This is one of the broadest functions - It is in the "all other" category.

  43. (1) Includes not only those activities that have been legallydelegatedto the police but also those assumed simply because there was no one else to do them.

  44. (a) Police must maintain a constant and vigilant patrol, frequently making direct contact with a number of people.

  45. · Demonstrates their presence in apeacekeepingrole. · Timely response to called -for services to referee disagreements in family and neighborhood situations that would erupt into full - scalefightsituations without their presence.

  46. (2) Police are required to attend places where large numbers of people congregate, such as stadiums, theaters, and places of political rallies to maintain order and preventviolationsof the laws.

  47. (a) Police are also required to enforce the people's rights to assemble peaceably and express their opinionsandbeliefs. (b) Police may be dispatched to quiet a boisterous party, loud radio, or the public gathering that grew into ariot.

  48. a. Directing traffic at fires or collision scenes. 8. The "order maintenance" process includes many other responsibilities, such as: b. Controlling crowds and preventing panic at disasterscenes.

  49. c. Providing a stabilizing influence in times of emotional upset. d. Most breaches of the peace are settled merely by firmly suggesting that the violators desist and complywith the law.

  50. II. ACTIVITIESOF THE PATROL DIVISION A. Routine patrol and observation

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