The First World War

1. The First World War European Civilization in Crisis, 1914-1918 Ways of the World By, Dustin Pautsch

2. Benchmarks • 9.4.3.12.1 • Describe the social, political, and economic causes and consequences of World War I. (A Half Century of Crisis and Achievement: 1900-1950) For Example: Treaty of Versailles, Turkey, expanding opportunities for women, Age of Anxiety, economic insecurity. • 9.4.3.12.5 • Identify major developments in science, medicine, and technology; analyze their benefits and dangers.

3. Learning objectives • Students will gain general knowledge about WWI. They will understand the timeline of the war as well as some causes and ramifications of the War nationally and globally. • Students will learn about the roaring 20’s in the United States and its long term effects leading to the Great Depression. • Students will learn about the great depression through the use of discussion. • Students will learn about the United States response to the Great Depression and will gain insight into how the U.S. government changed forever.

4. WWI • Allied and Central Powers • Allied: Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, and eventually United States • Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire

5. Causes: Mutual Defense Alliances • Initial Cause: Jun 28, 1914 Serbian Nationalist assassinated the heir to the Austria-Hungary throne, Arch Duke Franz- Ferdinand. • Austria-Hungary saw the Serbians as a threat and so they decided to stop them. Austria-Hungary had Powerful Germany behind them. • Serbia had Russia backing them up. • Alliances, intended to keep peace, actually facilitated Europe into a general war.

6. Cause: Nationalism • Desire of the Slavic people of Bosnia to leave Austria-Hungary and join Serbia • Major European countries wanted to prove their dominance.

7. Cause: Militarism • An Arms race had begun in the early 20th century, countries wanted to have the greatest military. • The need for a great military had an influence on public policy as it pertain to military and war. • Mass media, Schools, and military services convinced many ordinary Europeans to go to war. Many ran to the recruiting offices in fear that the war would be over before they enlisted. If it had, they would be known as cowards.

8. Where is the U.S. • Neutral?

9. Military Advancements and Death Toll • Submarines • Tanks • Airplanes • Poison Gas • Barbed Wire • Death Toll: 10 Million • 20 million wounded, crippled, or disfigured

10. Lusitania • Germany Sank the Lusitania in 1915. • Germany Violated Federal Law

11. Submarine Warfare • In 1917 Germany resumed submarine warfare. • Zimmermann Telegraph: Germany offers alliance to Mexico . • Mexico would regain the Texas territory lost to the Americans if they supported Germany in the War effort • Germany Sinks American ships off the coast of the North Atlantic

12. U.S. Declares war April 6, 1917 “A war to end all wars, that would make the world safe for democracy.” –Woodrow Wilson

13. Government Roles • Countries Expanded Government roles • German policy is known as “War Socialism” • Germany especially used War propaganda Posters, however the U.S and others use them as well to gain support. In Germany it was really pushed by the gov.

17. Major Battles • Verdun and Somme • Each of these battle had casualties of a Million Plus • Both sides would say they won the battle at Verdun, however Germany did end up retreating.

18. After U.s Involvement • War ended one year after the U.S. declared war. • The war lasted four years. • Nov. 11th 1918 Germany signed armistice with the Allied powers and the War ended.

19. Treaty of Versailles Ends the War

20. Hitler Quote, “It cannot be that two million Germans should have fallen in vain… No, we do not pardon we demand—Vengeance.” 1922

21. Aftermath • Homes for Heroes: British housing program to emphasize traditional family values. • Women were urged to leave factories and give up their jobs for men. • Mother’s Day was proclaimed a holiday to encourage child bearing to replace those lost in the war. • Suffrage movements began. • Rise of Communism and the Bolsheviks (Ch. 21)

22. Roaring 20’s http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DG3EwKUAOzQ

23. Black Tuesday—Oct. 24, 1929 • Stock Market Crashed • Wall Street financiers committed suicide by jumping off of skycrapers. • Banks Closed • World trade dropped 62% • Unemployment reached 30%

27. Think, Pair, Share • What are some reasons for the Great Depression? • How Could the U.S. go from the roaring 20’s into a depression? • What were the far reaching effects of the Great Depression world wide? (good or bad) • Use pages 990-992 to assist

28. U.S. Response to the Great Depression • FDR’S New Deal

29. New Deal • What did the New Deal Implement? • Did the New Deal fix the economy and end the Great Depression?

30. Closing • WWI • Roaring 20’s • Great Depression