Sam & Kivonte ’

1. Sam & Kivonte’

2. Introduction • The boreal forest or taiga exists as a nearly continuous belt of coniferous trees across North America and Eurasia. • Taiga is the Russian name for this forest • However, the term is used in North America as well.

3. The Location • North America • Eurasia

4. Characteristics • These forests are huge carbon sinks • Large diversity of soil microorganisms in these three forest soils • These forests have large total leaf area and they contribute a lot of leaf litter to the ground.

5. Soil Type • Podzolizationoccurs as a result of the acid soil solution produced under needle leaf trees • The main soil order associated with the taiga is spodosol.

6. Climate • The taiga corresponds with regions of subarctic and cold continental climate. • For example, Verkhoyansk, Russia, has recorded extremes of minus 90 ° F and plus 90 ° F.

7. Biotic & Abiotic Factors Abiotic Factors: 1.Large amounts of precipitation 2.Both cold and hot seasons 3.Little amount of sunlight reaches through the trees 4.The soil is very fertile 5.Distant from the sea • BioticFactors: 1.Black Bear 2.Fox 3.Squirrel 4.Deer 5.Coyote

8. Boreal Forest Competition • A group of squirrels eating a colony of beetles! • A red fox eating a squirrel. • six tree species forming a boreal climax forest • The main reasons firs, spruce and pines are the dominant trees in the boreal forest, • adapted to the extreme conditions brought about by the cold, • including the winter-induced drought and the short growing season Adaptation

9. Humans Influences • The frequency of forest fires • during the past 600 yr was studied • 281 sample plots within boreal forest ecosystems • It was found that all these factors have influenced the vegetation • Fires led to a widespread vegetation mosaic • Human Activities • Logging • Mining • Hydroelectric Development • Forestry • Construction Impacts

10.  Vacation Spot (Hay-Zama Lakes)

11.  Vacation Sot (Liard River)

12. The End Sam & Kivonte’