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    1.

    5. (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? ?????????????

    13. 1???:??12-16h?????(Bacillus subtilis),??24???????(Escherichia coli) 2???????:???????????????95%????????????????????????? 3???:????????????????????????????

    14. 1?????

    15. (2)??:?????????????????,?????1-2min? (3)??:???????????? (4)??:????????????????????? (5)??:?????,?????,?????????,??????,??????????,?????????????????????

    16. 2??????

    19. ?????????????????: a.??????????????? b.?????????-?????????2-3?? c.????????????2-3????????????????????????,?????????? ???????????????????,????????

    20. 1??????????????,??????,?????,?????,????? 2?????????????????

    22. (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)????

    25. ?? ??????(endospore),?????(?????????)???????(?????),??????????????????????

    31. 1???:???????2 d ?????????;?????(Azotobacter chroococcus) ?2 d ????????????? 2???????:5%???????0.5%??????????????????; 3???:??????????????????????????????????

    32. 1?????

    34. 2?????(????) (1)?????????:?????????????,???????????????????; (2)????:?????????????,????????????,?????????????; (3)??:???????????

    36. 1???????????????,???????????????? 2??????????????,???????? 3??????????????,????????? 4?????????,?????,??????????

    39. (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)????

    42. ???????

    49. (?)???? 1.??:?????(streptomycs micuoflavus)??5406??????(S. glaucus),?????(S. fradiae); 2.???:????????; 3.??:???,???,??,???,???,???,???,???,??-?????,????

    50. ??:?????????????,????????????,????????????????,?????,????,????(?????????)??(“?”)??????????,????????,????2-3???;

    52. 1????????????????,??????; 2???????,??????,????????; 3???????????,????????; 4???????????????????????,???????????????,?????,????????????; 5?????????????

    54. (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)????

    58. ??(???) ??

    59. ???????? ??(???) ??

    60. 1???:????(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)???2d?????????; 2???????:0.05%?0.1% ????????; 3???:?????????????????????????

    63. 1???????????,??,???????,?????????????????; 2??????????,???????????

    66. (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)????

    67. (?)????

    68. (?)????

    70. (?)???? 1.?????:????????NaCl?10%NaOH???10%????? 2.??:???????????????? PH?????????????????????????????????

    71. 1.?? ???????,????????????? ??:???5.0g,???10.0g,NaCl5.0g,??20.0g,???1000ml,pH7.0?

    72. 2.?? ??????????????,??,????????????????,?????????,?????,???????????????????????,??????? 3.??pH? ?????????,??PH????????????PH?

    73. 4.?? ??????????,??????????? 5.????? ???????,??????????????(?????)?????,?(?)????????????????????

    74. 6.??:??????,1210C??20???

    79. (?)???? 1.??????????????????? 2.?????????????????

    80. (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)????

    81. (?)????

    82. (?)????

    83. (?)???? 1. ?? ?? 2.??? ??????????????????????????????? 3.?? ?9ml????????90ml????????????????????????????????????

    84. (?)????????

    85. (1)???????? ? ????10g,???90ml???????,??15~20??,????????,???20~30?,??10-1?????? ? ????9ml??????,???10-2?10-3?10-4?10-5?10-6?10-7,???????10-1????lml,????10-2??????,????,??????,??10-2????????????????10-2?????????1ml,????10-3??????,????,??????,??10-3??????,?????????????(????)??????????10-4?10-5?10-6??????????

    86. (2)???? ????????10-4?10-5?10-6??,?????????,?1ml????????????10-6????1ml,??????10-6????????????10-5????1ml,??????10-5???????????10-4????1ml,??????10-4???????????9?????????15ml????????45???????????????,??????????,????????,??????,????????,???????????????

    88. (3)????? ????????,?????37???????24~48??,??????????????????????????????????????,????37???????,??????,????????,?????????????????????,????????,????????????,????????

    90. (?)???????

    91. (?)???? 1.?????????????????????????????????????? 2.?????,?????????????????45~50?????????????????? 3.?????,????????????????????????????? 4.????????????????

    92. (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)????

    93. (?)????

    94. (?)????

    97. ????,????????????,?????????????,???16?25,?????????????,??????1ml?????????????????????A,???????B,??,???????????(0.1mm3?????)? A/5 × 16(?25)×B???1ml??????? = A/5×16(?25)×10×1000×B?

    98. (?)???? 1.?? ????(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)??? 2.?? ?????????????????????????????????

    99. 1.?? ??????????????,?????,?????? 2.????? ????,??????????????????,????????????

    100. 3.??? ????????????????,?????????????????????????????(????)????????????????????,??????????????????????

    101. 4.????? ?????,??????????,??????????,??????????;????????????????????????????????,?????????? 5.??????? ????,?????????????????????????,???????????????

    102. ???? 1?????????,???????????; 2????,????????????????; 3???????,?????????????,????????; 4?????????????????

    104. (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)????

    105. (?)????

    106. (?)????

    107. (?)???? 1.?? ????????? 2.??? ?????????? ?????8ml??????????8? 3.?? 0.2 M K2HPO4?0.1M????0.2M???0.2MNaOH ????lml???????????????

    108. ???????? 1.???????????? (1)?5????????????????????,?????????? (2)??5?????????????????,?????????? 2.????? (1)?? ????????,????0??15??30??37??50????????? (2)?? 48?????,???????

    109. pH?????? 1.?pH? ??????8ml??????????7?,????????,????pH?????; 2.???????,?????????????0.2ml,????????; 3.??8ml??????????,??????????????????2.2ml,??????10.2ml,????; 4.????????????37?????48????????????

    112. (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)????

    114. ???????????,???????????????????????????,????????????,????????????????????????????????? ??,???????????????????????,????????????????,???????????????

    115. ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?:????(???)?????(???)?????(???)?? ???????????????????????????????

    117. ??????????????,???????????????,??????????????????? ????,??????????????????(?B.C.P???,?pH?5.2?????,pH?6.8?????),??????????????????????,????????????????????

    118. 1???:????(E. coli)?????????????????????? ; 2???????:???????????????????????????????????3?(???????????)?? 3???:?????????????

    121. 1.  ???? :??????????????????????    2. ??:???????????3?,?????????????,????????;??????????3?,?????????????,????????? 3.??:?????????6??????37???????,24h?????;

    122. ??????,???????????,????????,???????????,???“-”??;????,???????,????????????,???“+”??? ????????????,?????????????,???“?”??;?????????,???“-”???

    124. 1?????????????????????; 2??????????????????; 3?????,??????,????,????????????

    127. (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? (?)???? ????

    130. 1?????? ??????????????????(??????)????,?4C°?????,????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????,??????????????

    131. 2???? ????????????,???????????????,??????????? ?????????????

    132. 3???? ??????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ??????????,??????????

    133. 4?????? ??????????????L-???? ????????????????????????,??????????????? L-?????????????,????????10-20C°??????????

    134. 5???? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????

    135. 1???:??12-16h?????,?????,????; 2???:???????????; 3???:?????????60????????

    136. 1?????? (1)????:?????????,121???30min?,??40 ???????????? ; (2)????:???????????; (3)?????:??????????????,??????????,??????????1cm??,????????; (4)??(5 ???)?? :?????,???????

    137. 2?????? (1)???? : ??60???—?????—????—??—??; (2)????:?????????????; (3)??:????,??????????????????????,????????????,?????????(???10?); (4)????:?????????????????????????????????

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