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Evaluation of Diesel and Gasoline Fuels Across Various Testing Laboratories

This document outlines the testing of various diesel and gasoline fuels conducted by organizations such as AVL, EMPA, MTC, and others. It highlights the specific fuel blends used, including D1 and D6 diesel fuels, blends with ethanol, and RME biodiesel. The study includes tests on a range of vehicles, including light and heavy-duty options, and outlines various driving cycles such as NEDC, FTP75, and ARTEMIS cycles. This comprehensive examination contributes to understanding emissions standards and fuel performance in different conditions.

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Evaluation of Diesel and Gasoline Fuels Across Various Testing Laboratories

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  1. AVL • EMPA • MTC • TUG • Volvo • VTT • LAT • Shell • IFP • FFA Laboratories included in the database

  2. Diesel Fuels • Volvo was the only one tested D1 • MTC additionally used 10% Ethanol blend and an oil-doped diesel • AVL And Shell also tested D6 fuel which has 300 ppm S. but higher aromatics content than D2-D4 and D7 fuel which contains 5% RME. • TUG operated a bus also with Biodiesel (AME) fuel • VTT operated one engine on RME30

  3. Gasoline Fuels • EMPA used ARTEMIS Gasoline for SI vehicles (33 ppm S.)

  4. NEDC (1180 s) UDC (780 s) ARTEMIS Urban (993 s) ARTEMIS Road (1082 s) ARTEMIS Motorway (1068 s) 50 km/h (300 s) 90 km/h (300 s) 120 km/h (300 s) Light Duty Vehicle Cycles(Protocol) Conditioning with EUDCswhen break exceeds certain intervals (according to Round Robin protocol) • Combination of the ARTEMIS cycles is referred to as CADC (Common Artemis Driving Cycles) • EMPA measured a cold NEDC and then a hot NEDC followed by a highway cycle (BAB). They also measured FTP75 in one case and did not measure 90 km/h. • Shell additionally measured 50 km/h under W1 and with high load. Cold NEDC followedby hot NEDC (not UDC)

  5. 50 km/h • 50 km/h (high load) [Shell] • 50 km/h (W1 DR25:1) [Shell] • 90 km/h • 120 km/h • Artemis (Artemis Motorway – Road – Urban) • NEDC (NEDC – ECE – EUDC) • FTP75 [EMPA] • Bundesautobahn (BAB) [EMPA] Light Duty Test Cycles

  6. Vehicles: • Gasoline: • BMW 318 (TWC- Euro I) • Toyota Corolla (TWC - Euro III) • Diesel: • Renault Laguna (Euro III) • Renault Laguna & cat DPF (Euro III+) • Renault Laguna +add. DPF (Euro III+) • VW Golf (Euro I) • VW Golf & OxiCat (Euro II) LAT

  7. Vehicles: • Gasoline • Renault Megane (TWC - Euro III) • Alfa 147 (TWC - Euro III) • Toyota Avensis GDI (TWC - Euro III) • Diesel • Ford Galaxy (Euro III) • Peugeot 406 (add. DPF - Euro III+) • Included measurements under room, -7°C & -20°C ambient temperature. EMPA

  8. Vehicles: • Diesel: • PSA 607 (DPF - Euro III+) • PSA 406 (included -7°C & -20°C) (Euro III) • VW Golf (included -7°C & -20°C) (OxiCat - Euro III) • Gasoline • Honda Accord (included -7°C & -20°C) (TWC - ULEV) • Mitsubishi Charisma (included -7°C & -20°C) (GDI - Euro III) MTC

  9. Vehicles: • Diesel • VW Golf 1.9 TDI (OxiCat - Euro III) • Peugeot 607 2.2 TDI (DPF - Euro III+) • Gasoline • Renault Megane 2.0 (TWC - Euro III) • Citroen C5 2.0 (NOx storage - Euro III) Shell

  10. Vehicles: • Diesel: • VW Golf 1.9 TDI (Oxicat – Euro III) • PSA 307 2.0 TDI (DPF – Euro III+) • Gasoline: • Renault Mégane1.6 (TWC – Euro III) • PSA 406 2.0 (NOx storage) IFP

  11. Engines: • Scania DC12 11.7 l (Euro III) • AVL prototype 10.6 l (Euro III) & CRT • AVL prototype 11.7 l (Euro III) & SCR AVL

  12. Vehicles: • Mercedes CITARO Bus (Euro III) & OxiCat + PM Catalyst • EvoBUS (CNG) • IVECO (Euro III) TUG

  13. Engines: • Volvo (Euro I) • Volvo (Euro III) • Volvo (Euro III) & CRT Volvo

  14. Engines: • Volvo DH10 (Euro II) • Volvo DH10 (Euro II) & CRT • Scania DC11 (Euro III) • Scania DC11 (Euro III) & SiNOx (SCR) VTT

  15. ESC • ETC • Extended Steady States • St1: ECE R49 Mode 2 (Interm. speed, 10% load) • St2: ESC Mode 5 • St3: ESC Mode 12 • St4: Road load, speed 50/50 • St5: Load 25%, speed A-10% • St6: Load 50%, speed 50% • 9040 City-Bus Cycle [TUG] • Braunschweig City-Bus Cycle [TUG] • 60 – 20 km/h [TUG] Heavy Duty Test Cycles

  16. European Steady State Cycle (ESC)

  17. European Transient Cycle (ETC) Urban Rural Highway

  18. Light Duty Vehicles: • Gasoline: • TWC • NOx Storage • Diesel: • Cat DPF • DPF + Additive • Oxidation Catalyst • Heavy Duty Vehicles – Engines: • CRT • SCR • OxiCat • PM Catalyst Available After Treatments

  19. Light Duty Vehicles: • Gasoline: G1, G2, Unleaded Gasoline 95 RON Artemis (EMPA) • Diesel: D2, D3, …, D7, ETD5 (MTC Peugeot 406), OilD5 (MTC Peugeot 406) • Heavy Duty Engines – Vehicles: • D1, D2, …, D7, RME30 (VTT Scania DC11), Biodiesel (TUG Mercedes CITARO Bus) Fuels

  20. Heavy Duty Engines – Vehicles: • Euro I • Euro II • Euro III • Euro III+ • Light Duty Vehicles: • Gasoline: • Euro I • Euro III • ULEV • Diesel • Euro I • Euro III • Euro III+ Emission Standards

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