Cork Lab

1. Cork Lab • View a prepared slide of cork under scanner and low power. • Sketch what you see & record the total magnification. • Answer the following questions in complete sentences. • What do think the tiny shapes represent? • Why do you think some of the shapes are colored and others are not?

2. Robert Hooke The English Father of Microscopy

3. Early Life • Born July 18, 1635 • Place of Birth – Isle of Wright, England • His father worked for the church and Robert was expected to do the same. • He was very sickly as a child, so the church was not an option.

4. Early Education • Suffered from Headaches which made study difficult. • His parents did not expect him to live long, so they gave up on his education. • From the age of 10, Robert Hooke was left to his own devices.

5. Personal Interests • Designed & Built Things • Clock • Ship • Demonstrated Artistic Talents

6. Formal Education • Apprenticed to a painter • Westminster School • Latin & Greek • Geometry • Music • Oxford • Astronomy, physics, & chemistry

7. Career • Professor of Geometry at Gresham College • City Surveyor after the Great Fire of 1666 • Curator of Experiments for the Royal Society • Inventor & Researcher

8. Inventor • Modern Air Pump • Flying Machines • Conical Pendulum • Helioscope • Reflecting Telescope • Wheel Barometer • Spring Control • Universal Joint • Compound Microscope

9. Scientist • Hooke’s Law, or the General Law of Elasticity, states that the extension of a spring is proportional to the weight placed on the spring. • Discovered that Jupiter revolves on its axis. • Made drawings of Mars that allowed other scientists to determine its rotation period. • Observed and asked important questions about comets. • Came up with a theory explaining planetary motion, but he lacked the mathematical ability to prove his ideas.

10. Micrographia • “Micrographia [is] one of the masterpieces of seventeenth century science… [It] presented not a systematic investigation of any one question, but a bouquet of observations with courses from the mineral, animal, and vegetable kingdoms. Above all, the book suggested what a microscope could do for biological science.” - Westfall

11. Observations With the help of his compound microscope, Hooke observed… • Feathers • Microorganisms • Insects …and recorded his observations in his published work.

12. Cells • Coined the term “cell” in a biological context. • Believed that “cells” only existed in plants since he had only observed them in plant material. • Why do you think Hooke only saw “cells” in plants? What structure was he seeing?

13. Monastery Cells

14. Later in Life • Hooke’s health began to deteriorate in 1696. • Died on March 3, 1703. • A stained glass window & a museum at the St. Helen’s Bishopgate Church served as a memorial to Robert Hooke.

15. The End

16. You live in the 17th century and are friends with Robert Hooke. One day, Hooke comes to you and claims that other scientists are stealing his scientific theories. He is very upset and is depressed because other people are receiving recognition for his original ideas. He tells you that he feels like a failure and that he has wasted his life. Write a letter to Hooke that would make him feel better. Discuss his accomplishments & help him see the contributions of others in a more positive light. Assignment