高中英语词汇教学 佟文柱

1. 高中英语词汇教学 佟文柱

4. 一、高考英语试题和教材中 有关词汇的数据

5. 2007-2010年高考山东卷词汇数据

6. 2007~2010年高考山东卷和全国卷单项填空词汇考查统计2007~2010年高考山东卷和全国卷单项填空词汇考查统计

7. 人教版教材对课标词汇的覆盖谢家成 何安平 （2008） *3398：课标词汇表中明列的全部词汇数为3432+58个附表词汇=3490

8. 高考中出现但课标未收的相对高频词（高考试题中大多没有加注）高考中出现但课标未收的相对高频词（高考试题中大多没有加注） • crisis (9次)，issue (39次), claim (14次), solution (23次), solve (37次)

9. 二、高考各题型怎样考查词汇？ 1. 各题型均在语境中考查词汇，即在语言运用的层次上考查。 2. 单项填空和完形填空对词汇的考查较为直接，针对某些词或短 设考点，考生答题时须进行不同的语境假设。 例：2010 第31题 Your house is always so neat – how do you it with three children? A. manage B. serve C. adapt D. construct (破折号前为信息词语) 3. 其他题型对词汇的考查较为间接，大多不针对某些词或短语设 考点。（猜测词义和翻译句子除外）

10. 三、学生词汇学习中存在的主要问题 1. 词汇学习方法单一，大多习惯于背词汇表。 2. 不善于区分重点词汇和非重点词汇，平均 用力。 3. 过于依赖中文释义理解词义。 4. 不善于通过语境猜测词义。 5. 词汇运用能力差。 6. 对听说读写对词汇的巩固和强化作用认识 不清。

11. 四、提高词汇教学效率的途径 1.针对不同级别或频度的词汇采取 不同的策略。

12. 认知词汇和运用词汇 认知词汇（recognition vocabulary） 重点掌握音、形、义 运用词汇（production vocabulary） 除掌握音、形、义外，还要掌握用法

13. 词汇的用法 词性 词法功能 句法功能 构词（派生、转化、合成） 与其他词的搭配 不同语境中的含义 语用特征 … …

14. 高频词与低频词

16. 1. 针对不同级别的词汇制定不同的教学目标 五星级 960个 四星级 892个 三星级 964个 二星级 840个 一星级 847个

17. beyond 高考词频：34

19. 对不同词汇的处理方法 • 从词频考频的角度 高频词 → 低频词 • 从词汇属性的角度 义 → 音、形 → 用法

20. 2. 以教材为中心进行听说读写训练 要特别重视听的训练 ▲ 听使词汇在大脑中留下语音形象，缺少 语音形象很难记住单词的词义、拼写、 用法等。（心理语言学） ▲ 听说读写四项技能中，听最能增强语感， 对其他语言技能的提高至关重要。

21. Rivers says, “ … of the time adults spend in communication activities, 45 per cent is devoted to listening, only 30 per cent to speaking, 16 per cent to reading, and a mere 9 per cent to writing.”

22. Listening also assists the students’ reading ability. Therefore, it is certainly a skill that cannot be neglected. It is even more difficult than speaking in the sense that though one can control what he says, he can hardly control what others say.

23. ▲ 河北省取消听力后，高考英语成 绩逐年下降。可见，听力训练的 作用不可忽视，听力训练不仅仅 是能提高听力水平。 ▲ 吉林省不考听力。东北师大附中 两名英语得满分的学生说非常 受益于大量的听力训练。

24. 口头造句，练习所学的词汇、句式等 问答练习 朗读、背诵、复述课文

25. 加大课外阅读，通过阅读巩固 扩大词汇量

26. 默写课文、改写课文、缩写课文等

27. 3. 听说读写相互结合 听和说的结合 如：听后重复 听和写的结合 如：听后写 读和写的结合 如：回答问题、写内容提纲

28. 4. 按分类法复习词汇 ▲ 按话题分类

29. 语义场理论 • 语义场又叫词汇场，主要探究词汇之间的聚合关系，认为要构成一个完整的词汇系统，语言系统中的词汇在语义上或语言结构上就必须是相互联系的。语义场是单个词和词汇整体之间的现实存在。 • 运用语义场理论记忆词汇比按字母顺序记忆效率提高一倍。

30. 动物 • 宠物：cat, dog, goldfish, parrot, rabbit等 • 野生动物：bear, dolphin, giant panda, kangaroo, squirrel, tiger, camel, fox, giraffe, lion, monkey, polar bear, tortoise, wolf, zebra等 • 鸟类：crane, seagull, sparrow, swan, eagle等

31. 语义场延伸 online→Internet, web→computer （再形成多个语义场） • 与计算机用途相关的: drawing and designing, playing games, searching for information, sending and receiving emails, word processing, writing computer programs等； • 与计算机设备相关的: keyboard, mouse, screen, disk, processor, printer等； • 与计算机类型相关的: microcomputer, minicomputer, personal computer等； • 与计算机操作相关的: input，output, store, operate, turn on/off等； • 与计算机运行相关的: software, hardware, password, data等。

32. 看：gaze, glance, glimpse, look, notice, observe, peer, see, stare, witness YesterdayIglanced(匆匆一看) out of the window andnoticed(注意到) a manobserving(观察) a house opposite through a telescope. I thought Iglimpsed(瞥见) a woman inside the house. Then Isaw (看见) someone elsepeering(仔细看) into the window of the same house. Igazed(凝视) at them wondering what they were doing. Suddenly the first man stoppedstaring(注视) through his telescope. He went and hit the other one on the head with the telescope and I realized that I hadwitnessed(目击) a crime. (说明：glimpse，peer，gaze是非课标词汇，但高考中出现过)

33. ▲ 按功能意念分类

34. 喜欢：adore, appeal to, attract, be fond of, care for, enjoy, fall in love, fancy, keen on, like, love Dear Anna, It was great to hear from you after so many years. I’m eager to tell you that I have a boyfriend called Tom. We’ve known each other for three years. I quiteliked(喜欢) Tom when we first met, but I didn’t fancy(倾慕) him at all. He invited me out and I reallyenjoyed(享受) spending time with him. I wasattracted(吸引) by his stories of his travels around the world. Moreover, we were both verykeen on(热衷) sailing. Soon I realised I hadfallen in love(爱上) with him. His sense of humour reallyappealed to(吸引) me. Now, three years later I absolutelyadore(爱慕) him. He’s a verycaring(关心别人的) person,fond of(喜爱) animals and small children. He’s alwaysloving(满怀爱意的) towards me and the people hecares for(关心). I hope we’ll worship(爱慕) each other as much as we do now. Do write again soon and tell me about how you are! Love Jude

35. ▲ 按语言结构分类

36. 常见的名词后缀：-er / -or, -ee, -(t)ion / -sion / -ion, -ist, -ism, -ness, -ment, -ity, -hood, -ship –er / -or用来表示从事某一活动的人：actor, butcher, carpenter, director, editor, educator, engineer, messenger, player, reporter, tutor, volunteer, –er及–ee的意思形成对比，分别是“做某事的人”和“某行动的接受者或经历者：employer / employee -(t)ion / -sion / -ion是用来把动词变成名词：accommodation, acquisition, addition, administration, admission, affection, ambition, application, association, attention, attraction –ist及-ism用于个人的职业或者信念及主义：：Buddhism, chemist, communism, dentist, journalist, novelist, physicist, pianist, socialist, socialism, violinist –ness用来把形容词变成名词：business, darkness, happiness, illness, kindness, sadness, sickness, weakness –ment:achievement, advertisement, apartment, appointment, argument, arrangement –ity:ability, authority, nationality, opportunity, possibility, priority, quantity, responsibility –hood：: childhood, neighbourhood, –ship:friendship, hardship, ownership, relationship, scholarship, spaceship

37. 动词句型 后接双宾语的： 后接不定式作宾语的： 后接-ing作宾语的： 后接不定式和-ing作宾语的： 后接it作形式宾语的： 后接复合宾语（宾语＋名词／形容词／副词／ 介词短语／不定式／-ing／过去分词）的： ……

38. 5.练习题型应多样化

43. 八、书面表达。(2010 福建改编) 假设你是李华，福建省某中学高中学生，今年暑假将前往澳大利亚参加主题为“WATER FOR LIFE”的交流活动。请你以参访代表的身份，根据以下图片提示，用英语写一篇发言稿。 Ⅰ. 将发言稿中可能用到的关键词译成英语。 1. 短缺 (n) ____________ 2. 全球变暖 (phrase) ____________ 3. 环境污染 (phrase) ____________ 4. 人口 (n) ____________ 5. 有效的 (adj) ____________ 6. 储备 (v) ____________ 7. 资源 (n) ____________ 8. 回收利用 (v) ____________ Ⅱ. 以下是发言稿的主要内容，根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。 1. As we know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly ______________ (严重) mainly due to _______________ (全球变暖), _______________ (环境污染) and the ever-increasing _______________ (人口). 2. _____________________ (一个有效的方法), I think, is to _______________ (科学地储备水源以作将来之用). 3. It’s everyone’s responsibility to make good use of water, such as _____________________ (在我们的日常生活中循环用水和节约用水).

44. 九、选出与划线词语意思相近的选项。 1. This is a red-letter day for me. I received a check for my magazine article for the first time. A. a hard day B. a happy day C. a dark D. a popular day 2. Sales began to drop and the company was soon in the red. They had to sell the building. A. in debt B. in red color C. well off D. money-making 3. They caught him red-handed while he was putting the ring in his pocket. A. having red hands B. having bleeding hands C. after the fact D. on spot 4. The car war between the United States and Japan is a white war. They are competing for the car market fiercely. A. a war which is white B. a war which benefits for both C. a war without fire and shoot D. a war without loss

45. 6. 结合语境练习熟词生义 Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still ______ the traditional customs. (2008 湖北) A. perform B. possess C. observe D. support   To turn your weakness into strength, consider taking hands-on learning or training. (2009 浙江 任务型阅读) If you leave the club, you will not be ______back in. (2009 全国 II) A. received B. admitted C. turned D. moved  

46. 7.应注意的几个问题 • 注重词汇的比喻义、引申义等。 • 注重词的各种搭配。 • 注重词汇预制块。 • 词汇与语法结合。 • 做适当的翻译练习。 • 尽量用英语释义。

47. 有关词汇学习的名言 语言知识和语言运用共生共存，互为基础 与前提，相互促进。（Krashen, 1982） 如果把一个单词的形式及其功能特征的综 体置于一个完整的词汇环境中来学，学起来就 比较容易。（Carter, 1999） 学生至少需要与词汇接触5～16次才有可 能掌握一个词汇。（Nation, 1990）

48. 在语境中运用词汇是词汇学习的高级形 式，因语境中的单词包含了所有属性。 一个生词在课文中出现，只能学到它的 一个词义，而在不同语境中出现才会掌握其 多种词义和用法。 在同一个语境中记一个单词10次不如在 10个不同语境中各记一个单词一次。

50. 高考英语听力测试 与 高中英语听力教学