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Sustainability 12 th December 2013 Mark Jolly Professor of Sustainable Manufacturing

Sustainability 12 th December 2013 Mark Jolly Professor of Sustainable Manufacturing. Content. What is Sustainability? Resource demands & criticality Energy of processing? Examples of funded programmes. Content. What is Sustainability? Resource demands & criticality

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Sustainability 12 th December 2013 Mark Jolly Professor of Sustainable Manufacturing

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  1. Sustainability12th December 2013Mark JollyProfessor of SustainableManufacturing

  2. Content • What is Sustainability? • Resource demands & criticality • Energy of processing? • Examples of funded programmes

  3. Content • What is Sustainability? • Resource demands & criticality • Energy of processing? • Examples of funded programmes

  4. Triple bottom line

  5. Triple bottom line:Detail • Environmental • Less raw material; less energy; less carbon; reduced waste; less need for recycling • Economic • Material cost; however less raw material required; reduce transportation expense; shorten the production cycle • Social • Local manufacture; customised design; identification of suitable markets

  6. For aluminium • Reduced energy of primary production (non-UK) • Move to Circular Economy • Dematerialisation (design of product & process) • Design for reuse • Recycle • Reduce energy • Reduce water footprint

  7. Content • What is Sustainability? • Resource demands & criticality • Energy of processing? • Examples of funded programmes

  8. Abundance of metals in the earths crust

  9. Where is Al used? • After “Sustainable Materials – with both eyes open”, Allwood & Cullen

  10. EU critical raw materials (2010) & supply concentration 76% 97% 80% 95% 88% 84% 85% Proportion of global production from: China,South Africa,USA,Brazilin 2010 Source: BGS World Mineral Statistics Database 95%

  11. Content • What is Sustainability? • Resource demands & criticality • Energy of processing for Aluminium? • Examples of funded programmes

  12. Global CO2 emissions & 5 key materials • “Resources, Conservation and Recycling”, Allwood & Ashby

  13. Which resources create most CO2 • After “Resources, Conservation and Recycling”, Allwood & Ashby

  14. Embedded energy

  15. Heat content of liquid metals to 100 ºC superheat

  16. Processing and Manufacturing Issues • Getting useful material from ore is energy intensive (4% world energy for comminution! But non UK) • High energy in manufacturing (36% of global energy usage) • Liquid metal processing (high energy & inefficient) • Cost pressure (low energy cost producers) • Yields (aerospace sometimes <5%)

  17. UK/EU Future • Circular Economy • Improve Reuse and Recycling • Develop better recycling capability (e.g. coping with trace elements) • Develop design for re-use concepts • New business models –tracking? • Light alloys recycling friendly, composites are not

  18. Content • What is Sustainability? • Resource demands & criticality • Energy of processing for Aluminium? • Examples of funded programmes

  19. Research projectsclassification • P: sustainable materials processing (reduced resources) • U: design for sustainable use (e.g. light-weighting) • R: recycling (e.g. development processes/alloys to cope) • E: Extraction (lower use of resources in primary alloy) • T: Material tracking (re-use)

  20. Government funded projects:direct

  21. Government funded projects:indirect

  22. Mixed waste • Axion polymers • Recycles 20% of the auto polymer in UK

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