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Mission Statement

The Department of Mental Health & Substance Abuse Services. Mission Statement To Promote Healthy Communities and Provide the Highest Quality Care to Enhance the Well-being of all Oklahomans. Faces of Substance Abuse. National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

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Mission Statement

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  1. The Department of Mental Health & Substance Abuse Services Mission Statement To Promote Healthy Communities and Provide the Highest Quality Care to Enhance the Well-being of all Oklahomans

  2. Faces of Substance Abuse

  3. National Survey on Drug Use and Health • In 2006, there were an estimated 731,000 current users of methamphetamine aged 12 or older (0.3 percent of the population). • Of the 259,000 people who used methamphetamine for the first time in 2006, the mean age at first use was 22.2 years, which is up considerably from the mean age of 18.6 in 2005. • From 2005 to 2006, lifetime methamphetamine abuse increased among those 26 and older, particularly among those 26–34 years of age.

  4. National Survey on Drug Use and Health • Rates of past-year methamphetamine use among persons aged 12 years or older were the highest in the Western United States (1.6 percent), followed by the South (0.7 percent), Midwest (0.5 percent), and Northeast (0.3 percent) regions of the country. (National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), 2008)

  5. Cocaine In 2006, 6 million Americans age 12 and older had abused cocaine in any form and 1.5 million had abused crack at least once in the year prior to being surveyed. Source: National Survey on Drug Use and Health

  6. Statistics and Trends • The NIDA-funded 2007 Monitoring the Future Study showed that 2.0% of 8th graders, 3.4% of 10th graders, and 5.2% of 12th graders had abused cocaine in any form. • 1.3% of 8th graders, 1.3% of 10th graders, and 1.9% of 12th graders had abused crack at least once in the year prior to being surveyed.

  7. Crack and Cocaine • According to the 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 35.3 million Americans aged 12 and older reported having used cocaine, and 8.5 million reported having used crack. • An estimated 2.4 million Americans were current (past-month) users of cocaine; 702,000 were current users of crack. • There were an estimated 977,000 new users of cocaine in 2006—most were 18 or older when they first used cocaine. • Among young adults aged 18 to 25, the past-year use rate was 6.9 percent, showing no significant difference from the previous year.(National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH))

  8. Trends in Cocaine • Beginning in 1965, the estimated incidence of cocaine use rose steadily to its 1983 peak (1.5 million new users). • Subsequently, the number of new users per year declined steadily until 1992 (0.5 million new users) and then began a steady increase to 0.9 million new users in 2000. • The number of new users aged 18 to 25 reached a peak of 0.9 million in 1983, while the most recent low point for this group was 0.3 million from 1991 to 1994. • Incidence among 12 to 17 year olds has not varied as greatly over the years, but peaked in 1980 at 0.3 million new users and reached a recent low point in 1991 with 90,000 new users.

  9. Trends in Cocaine • The 2000 estimates of the number of cocaine initiates and age-specific incidence rates were slightly larger than their 1999 counterparts, but none of the increases was statistically significant. • The average age of cocaine initiates rose from 17.2 years in 1967 to 23.8 years in 1991 and subsequently declined to approximately 20 years from 1997 to 2000. • The annual number of new cocaine users has generally increased over time. • In 1975, there were 30,000 new users. The number increased from 300,000 in 1986 to 361,000 in 2000. Source: The DASIS Report, January 2005

  10. Trends in Initiation of Cocaine • Incidence of cocaine use generally rose throughout the 1970s to a peak in 1980 (1.7 million new users) and subsequently declined until 1991 (0.7 million new users). • Cocaine initiation steadily increased during the 1990s, reaching 1.2 million in 2001. • Age-specific incidence rates generally have mirrored the overall incidence trends, with greater initiation among adults than among youths under 18. • Approximately 70 percent of cocaine initiates in 2001 were age 18 or older.

  11. Trends in Initiation of Cocaine • Since 1975, males have generally comprised the majority of cocaine initiates. • In 2001, there were 0.7 million new male users and 0.5 million new female users. • The average age of cocaine initiates rose from 18.6 years in 1968 to 23.8 years in 1990 and subsequently declined to approximately 21 years from 1995 to 2001.

  12. Marijuana • Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug. • An estimated 100 million Americans aged 12 or older have tried marijuana at least once in their lifetimes, representing 40.6% of the U.S. population in that age group. • The number of past year marijuana users in 2007 was approximately 25.1 million (10.1% of the population aged 12 or older) and the number of past month marijuana users was 14.4 million (5.8%). Source: National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2007

  13. Extent of Marijuana Use • In 2007, there were 2.1 million persons who had used marijuana for the first time within the past 12 months; this averages to approximately 6,000 initiates per day. • This estimate is similar to estimates from past NSDUH surveys dating back to 2002. • A 2002 SAMHSA report, Initiation of Marijuana Use: Trends, Patterns and Implications, concludes that the younger children are when they first use marijuana, the more likely they are to use cocaine and heroin and become dependent on drugs as adults. Source: Office of National Drug Control Policy

  14. Drunk Driving in America • Alcohol-impaired driving is the most frequently committed violent crime in the U.S. (NHTSA, 2003) • Nearly 17,000 people died in alcohol-related traffic crashes in 2004. (NHTSA, 2003) • In 2004, 12,874 people were killed in crashes where the driver had a .08 percent blood alcohol concentration (BAC) or higher (NHTSA, 2005)

  15. Drunk Driving in America • In 2001, more than half a million people were injured in crashes where the police reported that alcohol was present – an average of one person injured approximately every minute. (Blincoe, Seay et al., 2002) • An estimated three of every 10 Americans will be involved in an alcohol-related traffic crash at some time in their lives. (NHTSA, 2001) • Research shows that alcohol-related crashes cost the public an estimated $114.3 billion annually – this includes an estimated $63.2 billion lost in quality of life due to these crashes. (Taylor, Miller and Cox, 2002)

  16. Drunk Driving in America • The societal costs of alcohol-related crashes average $1.00 per drink consumed. People other than the drinking driver paid $0.60 per drink. (Taylor, Miller, and Cox, 2002) • Approximately 1.4 million drivers were arrested in 2003 for driving under the influence of alcohol or narcotics. This is an arrest rate of 1 for every 135 licensed drivers in the United States. (NHTSA, 2004)

  17. Oklahomans Need Substance Abuse Treatment • Approximately 250,000 adult Oklahomans need substance abuse treatment. • Of this number, approximately 180,000 need treatment for alcoholism, 50,000 need treatment for drug addiction, • Approximately 20,000 need both drug and alcohol treatment. • More than 31,640 Oklahoma youth need substance abuse treatment. (Transformation State Incentive Grant needs assessment, 2006)

  18. The Effect of Substance Abuse • Substance abuse contributes to 85 percent of all homicides; • 80 percent of all prison incarcerations; 75 percent of all divorces; • 65 percent of all child abuse cases; • 55 percent of all domestic assaults; • half or more of all accidental deaths from fire, falls and drownings;

  19. The Effect of Substance Abuse • half of all traffic fatalities; • 40 percent of work-related fatal injuries; • 35 percent of all rapes; • and one-third of all suicides. (Governor’s Task Force on Substance Abuse, 1998)

  20. Oklahoma Battles a $5.8 Billion Addiction • In 2006, The Department of Mental Health & Substance Abuse Services (ODMHSAS) estimated 250,000 adult Oklahomans and 61,640 youths needed treatment for alcoholism, drugs or both. • Yet, fewer than 20,000 people actually received substance abuse services through ODMHSAS in one recent fiscal year.

  21. The Cost of Substance Abuse • Substance abuse costs Oklahoma more than $5.8 billion annually. • Of this, $1.4 billion includes direct costs associated with prisons, jails, emergency room visits, etc., • and up to $4.4 billion in indirect costs related to lost productivity in the workplace, absenteeism and high turnover, and premature death. (Governor’s and Attorney General’s Blue Ribbon Task Force, 2005)

  22. Person Arrested by Drug Related Activity ViolationsJuly 1, 2007 through June 30, 2008 Source: Oklahoma District Attorneys Council

  23. Number of Person Arrested by Drug TypeJuly 1, 2007 Through June 30, 2008 • In addition to arrests, the drug tasks forces seized a significant amount of illegal drugs through their investigations. • The value of the drugs seized was approximately $11,321,000 based on street value information from the Drug Enforcement Administration. • The Drug Task Forces destroyed 5,707 marijuana plants, both cultivated and wild grown. • During the process of arrests and search warrants, the Drug Task Forces seized 361 firearms in connection with drug violations.

  24. Number of Person Arrested by Drug TypeJuly 1, 2007 Through June 30, 2008 Each year since 2002, methamphetamine, marijuana, crack cocaine, and cocaine have ranked as the four top drug related offenses. Methamphetamine related offenses continue to be the most prevalent type of arrest for drug activity, the highest number of arrests since 2002. (Oklahoma District Attorneys Council)

  25. Female Incarceration Rates by State The number one offense of women is drug possession or distribution. The offenses are frequently committed with a male relative, a boyfriend, or a husband. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2007 Data

  26. Adult Arrests By Offense, Male & Female Source: Oklahoma Uniform Crime Report, 2007

  27. ODMHSAS Statistics • Alcohol is still, by far, Oklahoma’s number one drug of choice. • The top listed drugs of choice for clients during FY 2007 were: alcohol, 37.4%; marijuana, 17.6%; methamphetamine 9.9%; and cocaine, 11.8%. • In fiscal year 2007, 19,467 people received substance abuse services through ODMHSAS. • Compared with the huge number of people who really need substance abuse services, there is a huge gap. • It is estimated that fewer than 5% of youth with substance abuse issues in Oklahoma receive appropriate services.

  28. The Impact of Treatment on Substance Abuse • It costs, on average, $16,000 per year to incarcerate a person for drug- or alcohol-related offenses in Oklahoma. • By contrast, drug courts, a judicially monitored treatment alternative to incarceration, cost an average of $5,000 per client. • Outpatientprograms cost even less. (Oklahoma Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, 2007)

  29. Oklahoma’s Prison System • Nationally, the portion of inmates leaving state prisons after serving time for nonviolent drug offenses has shot up from 11 percent in 1985 to 37 percent in 2005. • In Oklahoma, prisons held only 4,500 men and women in 1980. By 2006, that number had grown to 23,500. • Today, Oklahoma’s incarceration rate – the number of state prisons per every 100,000 population – is 658. In 1980 it was only 151. Source: 2007 Uniform Crime Report, State of Oklahoma

  30. Oklahoma State Prison Population by Offense Drug/Alcohol Crimes Source: Oklahoma Department of Corrections, August 2008

  31. Mom’s Time Behind Bars Hurting Kids • In 2006, there was a 26.8 percent increase in the number of incarcerated females with out a high school education. • 37.9 percent of the children of incarcerated women lived with their fathers. That figure has nearly doubled from 2005. • Nearly 89 percent of women surveyed stated they were either physically or sexually abused either during childhood or as an adult. • 23 percent of women surveyed were jailed for violating probation, parole or terms of drug court. Source: Oklahoma Commission on Children & Youth

  32. Adolescent Populations • Nearly 29,000 youth in Oklahoma need substance abuse treatment. • However, fewer than 5% of youth with substance abuse issues receive appropriate services.

  33. Drug Court There are currently fifty-two (52) adult, juvenile, DUI and family Drug Courts and thirteen (13) Mental Health Drug Courts in sixty (60) counties across the state with a population of over 4,200 participants as of September 1, 2008.

  34. Drug Court • The average per year cost for a drug court participant is $5,000.  • It costs the state $16,000 or more per year to house an individual in the prison system. • The array of services provided while in the Drug Court program include outpatient and residential substance abuse treatment as well as outpatient mental health treatment for participants with co-occurring needs.

  35. Treatment Works • Individuals who enter treatment under legal pressure have outcomes as favorable as those who enter treatment voluntarily. • Also, for anyone entering treatment, the longer the treatment, the better – at least 90 days or longer. (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1999)

  36. Treatment Works • More than 72 medical conditions have risk factors that can be attributed to substance abuse. Investing in treatment programs for people with substance abuse disorders can prevent the onset of long-term medical conditions, ultimately saving lives and decreasing long-term costs. (U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, 2007) • Investing in treatment can have significant effects on employment and the viability of employers and businesses in the community. • Treatment is associated with a 19 percent increase in employment and an 11 percent decrease in the number of clients who receive welfare. (U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, 2007)

  37. House Bill 2176 “Oklahoma's anti-methamphetamine law has virtually wiped out what had been an epidemic of makeshift meth labs in our states. The full impact of that law, however, has transcended the borders of Oklahoma. State after state has followed our example to implement commonsense measures that clamp down on meth makers. I am proud that Oklahoma has made such a real and lasting difference in the war on meth." ~ Oklahoma Governor Brad Henry

  38. Addictions is real…

  39. …but treatment works!

  40. “Mistakes are a fact of life. It is the response to the error that counts”. ~ Nikki Giovanni

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