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（一）名词的数

名词. （一）名词的数. 名词分为 可数名词 和 不可数名词 两大类：. 1 不可数名词. 1 ）不可数名词一般没有单复数之分，它包括 专有名词 ， 物质名词 和 抽象名词 。. 例如： English America glass wood health happiness. 2 ）表示 学科名称 的以 - ics 结尾的名词常用做单数。. 例如： mathemat ics phys ics. 3 ）某些 - s 结尾指 单一 事物的 专有名词 常用做单数。. 例如： the United States, the United nations.

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（一）名词的数

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  1. 名词

  2. （一）名词的数 名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类： 1 不可数名词 1）不可数名词一般没有单复数之分，它包括专有名词，物质名词和抽象名词。 例如： English America glass wood health happiness 2）表示学科名称的以-ics结尾的名词常用做单数。 例如：mathematics physics 3）某些-s结尾指单一事物的专有名词常用做单数。 例如：the United States, the United nations

  3. 2.可数名词 可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词，有单复数形式。 复数名词的构成： 1）一般情况在名词后加-s. 例如： books desks rooms… … 2）以-s ,-x ,-ch ,-sh结尾的名词后加 -es. 例如: buses watches boxes brushes 但是 stomach---stomachs 3) 以辅音字母o,-oo结尾的名词后加-s. 例如：radios photos pianos bamboos zoos… 但是hero Negro tomato potato volcano后加-es

  4. 4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，把y改成i再加-es 例如：factory—factories country--countries 5) 以元音字母+y结尾的名词，直接加-s. 例如：boys days toys… … 6)以-f, -fe结尾的词，一般把“f ”或“fe”改成“v”再加 -es 例如: leaf--leaves life--lives 但是roof, chief, gulf, serf, belief等例外，直接加s 7)以-th结尾的次直接在词后加–s. 例如：mouths paths months youths…

  5. 8）不规则变化 改变单数名词中的元音字母，或其它形式 例如：foot—feet child---children mouse---mice medium---media 单复数形式相同 例如：a sheep—two sheep a deer—two deer 此外还有means,fish,works及汉语音译表示度量衡，币制单位的名词，如 yuan (元）jiao (角)fen (分) mu(亩)等 只有复数形式 例如：trousers glasses compasses(圆规) clothes goods thanks …

  6. 表示“某国人”名词的单复数形式，因习惯不同而异表示“某国人”名词的单复数形式，因习惯不同而异 例如：Chinese Japanese Swiss 等以-ese或 -ss结尾的每组名称的词,单复数相同 还有一些例如a German—two Germans an American---two Americans African,Asian,Austilian,Canadian,Italian,European 等都是在结尾加-s an Englishman---two Englishmen a Frenchman---two Frenchmen man--men

  7. 复合名词的复数因词而异 把主体名词变成复数 例如：sisters-in-law film-goers letter-boxes 以woman或man组成的 合成名词两个部分都变复数 例如:men drivers women teachers 有些名词的复数形式有特别的意义 例如: papers(报纸、文件) manners(礼貌) goods(货物) works(工厂、著作) looks(外貌) times(时代) sands(沙滩) spirits(酒、酒精) forces(军队) woods(树林) glasses(眼镜)

  8. （二）名词所有格： 1. 表示有生命的东西的名词，所有格在后面加“‘s” 一般名词： my brother’s bag 专有名词：Engels’ works Tom’s book 2.以-s或-es结尾的复数名词的所有格，只在名词后面加‘ 例如：the workers’club 3.如果一样东西为两个人所共有，则只在后面的名词后加-s 例如：Jane and Mary ‘s room 4.表示“某人家”、“店铺”的名词所有格后面，一般省略 它所修饰的名词 例如: at Mr. Green’s at the tailor’s at the doctor’s…

  9. 5 表示无生命的东西的名词所有格,常用of +名词的结构表示 例如： the gate of the school the windows of the room 6.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词，也可以加‘s来表示所有格 例如： Today’s newspaper ten minute’s walk China’s industry the station’s waiting room 7.在表示所有物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用“of+词组+所有格”的形式构成名词的双重所有格 a friend of my father’s that book of Tom’s a few pens of mine two pictures of my father’s friend’s

  10. （三）主谓一致 1.语法形式上的一致 主语为单数形式，谓语就用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语就用复数形式 例如：Jane and Maryarealike. The number of the students in our school is 3500. 2.意义上的一致 1)主语虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语用复数 例如：The people are waiting for the bus. 单数形式代表复数意义的词有： people, police, cattle

  11. 2) 主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，谓语用单数 例如：The news was very exciting . 形复意单的词有：news,works(工厂)和一些-ics结尾的学科名称，如physics, politics, economics等 3.就近原则 就是谓语的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语 如连词 or, either…or, neither…nor. not only…but also等连接的并列主语 例如：Not only the students but also the teacher ______the film. (like) likes know Either your sister or your friends ______it.(know)

  12. 4.应注意的几个问题 A)名词作主语 1）某些集体名词，如family,team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中的一个个成员个体而言，谓语动词用复数形式 例如：His family is very large. The whole family are watching TV 这类词有：audience, class, club, company,crew, crowd, enemy, government, group, public, team, party……

  13. 另外，population这个词使用情况类似 85 percent of the population in China are peasants. The population of Chinaislarge. “a group/crowd of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也是既可用单数，也可用复数前者强调整体；后者强调个体 2）某些集体名词，如people,police,cattle等，只当复数看待谓语动词必须用复数 The police are searching for the murderer. The people in China are living a happy life.

  14. 3）单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单复数3）单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单复数 The sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. 4) 当名词词组的中心词为表示度量衡、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些名词看所一个整体，谓语用单数。 Three yearshas passed. The Selected Poems of Li Baiwas published long ago. 20,000 dollarsis a large amount of money.

  15. 5)不定代each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，位于动词仍用单数形式5)不定代each,every,no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，位于动词仍用单数形式 Each boy andeach girl wants to serve the people in the future. 6)如果主语有more than one或many a构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式 More than one student has seen the film. Many a ship has been damaged in the storm. 但是“more+复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式 More members than one areagainst your plan.

  16. 7)一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等，但是如果主语用akind of,a pair of等加名词构成时，谓语一般用单数 Her clothesarefit her well. A pair of shoes was on the desk. 8) this kind of book=a book of this kind 谓语用单数。 this kind of men=men of this kind 单数 复数 “all kinds of +复数名词”谓语动词用复数

  17. This kind of man ____dangerous. is are Men of this kind____ dangerous. 9)复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语时，按照意义一致的原则。如works, species, Chinese, Japanese，means等 This /The glass works______ set up in 1999. was are These glass works_____near the river. 当它们前面有 a, such a, this, that 修饰时，谓语用单数；有all, such, these, those修饰时，谓语用复数

  18. 10)如果all, most, half, rest修饰不可数名词时，谓语用单数；如修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数 study All of my classmates______hard. (study) All of the milk_________for you. (leave) is left 11)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致 hangs Between the two rooms________a picture. (hang) B)由连接词连接的名词作主语 12）用and 或both…and 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式 Both walking and riding_____good exercises. are

  19. 但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后的名词无冠词但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后的名词无冠词 Truth and honesty____the best policy. (be) is is His teacher and friend____a doctor. (be) 13)当主语后面有as well as, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to, rather than, like, along with等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数依主语而定 The teacher as well as the students was excited. The room with its furniture was rented. Mr. Smith, together with his three children is going to come to this party.

  20. 14)以or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则 am Either you or I _____to go. (be) Neither you nor I nor anybody else _____anything about it. (know) knows C) 代词作主语 15）名词型物主代词连接的动词，既可用单数也可用复数，取决于它所代替的名词的单复数 Your shoes black, while mine are brown. 16)such,the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指代的内容来决定单复数

  21. Such ___our plan. / Such_____his words. is are 17)关系代词who, which, that等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致 Those whowantto go please sign your names here. He spent the money that is given by his mother on books. 18)疑问代词who,what,which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所表达的意思来决定单复数 ---Who lives in the next door? ---It’s Tom ---Who live in the next door? ---It’s Tom and Jack. Which is(are) your book(s)?

  22. 19)不定代词any,either,neither,none,all,some, more等作主语时，有以下两种情况： ① 单独作主语时，视其在句中的意义，可用单数也可用复数 All are present now. Now all has changed. ② 但是与of连用，若of后的宾语是单数，动词用单数；但是如果后的宾语是复数，则单复数谓语动词都可以，单数更常见 Do(es) any of you know his address? None of my friends smoke(s).

  23. D)分数、量词作主语 20）“分数/百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a quantity of,half of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后的名词的数保持一致。这是因为短语后的词是中心词，前面的量词是修饰语 About three-fourths of the surface of the earth _________with water. (cover) is covered Three-fifths of the workers here___women. (be) are 比较a number of+复数名词与 the number of+复数名词 A number of the students_________the film.(see) have seen The number of the students present____200. (be) is

  24. 注意:(large) quantities of修饰可数或不可数名词时，谓语动词常用复数 Large quantities of food (nuts) were on the table. 21)a great deal of,a large amount of 修饰不可数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数；large amounts of 修饰不可数名词，谓语常用复数 A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time. Large amount of money wasspent on the bridge. 22)表示数量one and a half的后，名词要用复数形式，但是谓语动词用单数 One and a half bananasis left on the table.

  25. 23）half of, (a) part of 修饰可数名词单数及 不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数 E)名词化的形容词作主语 24）如果主语是“the+形容词/过去分词”结构担任，位于通常用复数 例如the old, the blind, the poor, the rich, the wounded, the blind, the unemployed等, The blind _____ in a special school. (study) study 这类形容词如果要表示个体，就要与名词象man ,person或表示人的单数连用，如 an old man, the wounded soldier The wounded (soldier) were (was) sent to hospital.

  26. F)从句作主语 25）由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数；但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语用复数 What we need _____more time. (be) is What we need ______doctors. (be) are 26)在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式 were He is one of the experts who/that ______invited .(be) 但当one前有the only等修饰时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是复数形式 She was the only one of the girls who______late for school. (be) was

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