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Development

Explore how thinking and intellectual abilities develop in children, according to Jean Piaget's influential theory. Learn about stages of cognitive development, assimilation and accommodation, and the sociocultural perspective of Lev Vygotsky. Also, gain insights into Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), its diagnosis, and treatment options.

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Development

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  1. Development Module 47 Cognitive Development - Children

  2. Cognitive Development • How thinking and intellectual abilities grow, change and decline across the lifespan

  3. Jean Piaget • Influential theory on how thinking develops in children • Children’s thinking is different from adults • Series of stages to get to adult thinking • Children advance through each stage with an active exploration of their world

  4. Schema • Schemas are mental molds into which we pour our experiences • For example… when a baby sees its first horse

  5. Then he sees…

  6. Assimilation-fitting new information into existing schemas

  7. Assimilation

  8. Assimilation What???

  9. Accommodation –process to incorporate the new information HORSES COWS

  10. Accommodation HORSES COWS

  11. Categories become increasingly complex as children learn MAMMALS FISH

  12. Piaget’s Cognitive Development • Four Stages • Birth to adolescence • Sensorimotor • Preoperational • Concrete Operational • Formal Operational

  13. Sensorimotor • Birth to 2 • Developmental Phenomena • Object Permanence • Video • Stranger Anxiety • video

  14. Preoperational • 2 – 6 or 7 yrs. old • Symbolic thought • Pretend play • Egocentrism • Video • Lack of Conservation • Video • Animism • All objects are living and capable of actions & emotions • “Slide was bad it made me fall”

  15. Theory of Mind – 4 years old

  16. Concrete Operational • 6 or 7 to 11 years • Conservation • video • Mathematical transformations – Reversibility • Classification • Capable of sorting items based on a variety of criteria

  17. Formal Operational • At about age 12 • Ability to think abstractly • What is truth, freedom, love? • Ability to logically test hypothesis

  18. Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development • Lev Vygotsky • Learning a social process • Between others • Within oneself • Social and culture influence thinking • Gradual change

  19. Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development • Zone of proximal development • Exists between what kids are capable of learning and doing without assistance AND what they could accomplish with the extra help of others • Scaffolding • Giving just enough assistance to the learner in order for them to understand • Internalized Speech • Critical to helping children to organize, guide and regulate their actions

  20. Piaget vs. Vygotsky

  21. Autism Spectrum Disorder • ASD • Disorder that appears around childhood • Significant deficiencies • Communication • social interactions • Rigidly fixated interests • Repetitive behaviors

  22. Autism Spectrum Disorder • Diagnosis • Difficult no medical test • Treatment • No cure • Early intervention treatment can help • More common in boys than girls • No single known cause • No reliable study shows any link between ASD and vaccines

  23. Social Developmentin Childhood Module 48

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