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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Assessment of Roundup Hazards on the Structure of Salivary and Lymph glands of Albino Rat.
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Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Assessment of Roundup Hazards on the Structure of Salivary and Lymph glands of Albino Rat
Ibrahim Mohamed El-Mehy, Aisha Ibrahim Maklad, Eman Mostafa Soliman, Mona Mohammed Zoair* and Enas Ibrahim El-MaddahDepartments of Forensic Medicine &Clinical Toxicology and Anatomy &Embryology*, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University.
By Mona Mohammed Zoair Assistent Professor of Anatomy and Embryology Tanta Faculty of Medicine
Herbicides are chemicals designed specifically to kill weeds. They provide a more effective and economical method of weed control than cultivation, hoeing, and hand pulling. Without the use of herbicides, it would have been impossible to mechanize fully the production of cotton, soybeans, sugar beets, all grains, potatoes and corn.
Roundup is the second most widely used herbicide by farmers, homeowners and lawn care professionals. It is an organophosphonate, which does not inhibit cholinesterase. Exposure of users to roundup can occur through skin contact and lung, and to non-users through micro-droplet inhalation and food residues. Health problems to consumers of roundup residues in food are of great importance. These problems are in the form of acute and chronic toxicity to farm workers and others who occupationally exposed to this herbicide.
Since health problems to consumers of roundup residues in food are of great importance, the present research was conducted to evaluate the hazardous effects of roundup ingestion on the structure of the salivary and lymph glands of the albino rat.
Eighty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups each of 20 rats. • Group (I):served as a control group. • Group (II):each animal was given roundup orally in a dose of 4000 mg/kg B.W. daily for two consecutive days. • Group (III):roundup was given orally to each rat in a dose of 1500 mg/kg B.W. daily for four months. • Group (IV):roundup was given orally in a dose of 1000 mg/kg B.W. daily for six months.
After the given period for each experiment, all animals were sacrificed by decapitation. • Specimens from salivary glands (submandibular and parotid) and submandibular lymph node were processed for the following: • 1- Haematoxylin and Eosin stain for general histological picture • 2- Immunohistochemical stain by Ki-67 marker as an indicator of cellular proliferation which is conductive to neoplastic transformation.
Conclusion -The present study concluded that roundup affected the structure of the salivary and lymph glands. - The histopathological and immuno-histochemical changes varied according to the dose and the duration of exposure. - After long duration roundup induced dysplasia of the both glands, possibly predisposing them to neoplastic changes.
Recommendations -The farmers and every responsible person should restrict the use of roundup herbicide and try to find out another safe one. - All people dealing with this herbicide should thoroughly wash the face, hands and exposed skin before eating or drinking. - All containers must be labeled by warning instruction about toxicity of roundup and residues in these containers should be emptied in a diluted form into a deep pit, taking care to avoid contamination of the ground water. - Direct measurement of roundup in the blood or in the urine must be done to confirm the exposure to this herbicide. - Finally, this research recommends the specialists for further studies about natural antidotes for roundup.
