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Impact of Protozoans: Disease and Characteristics

Explore the general characteristics of protozoans, including amoeba, flagellates, ciliates, and sporozoans. Learn about diseases caused by protozoans like amebic dysentery, African sleeping sickness, Balantidium coli, and malaria. Gain insights into symptoms, transmission methods, and treatments.

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Impact of Protozoans: Disease and Characteristics

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  1. Human Impact By Protozoans By Vik Lal & Yaveth Gomez

  2. Protozoans

  3. General Characteristics • Unicellular Organisms that sometimes form colonies • Come in many shapes and sizes • Animal like heterotrophic unicellular organisms • Specialized vacuoles that take in and transport food • Gain water by osmosis • Asexual reproduction • Eukaryotic • Take in nutrients through diffusion, phagocytosis, and transportation

  4. Amoeba • Move by extending cytoplasm • Feed by phagocytosis • Consume algae, bacteria, and other protozoans • One example of a disease-causing protozoan is entamoeba histolytica, which causes amebic dysentery

  5. Flagellates • Contain a flagellum (allows movement) • Diseases cause by flagellates: • Giardiasis • Tricamonhas infection • African sleeping sickness

  6. Ciliates • Tiny hairlike structures • Beat in a rhythmic fashion • Covers surface of cells • Balantidium causes diaria (only ciliate that causes diesease) • All soluble nutrients are absorbed in the cell • All residue is eliminated

  7. Sporozoans • These are parasites that live inside a host, where the cause disease • Contain no structures for movement • Most common are species of plasmodium • Causes Malaria

  8. Diseases

  9. Entanmoeba histolytica • Causes amebic dysentery • Infects predominantly humans and other primates • Cause infections when swallowed • Infections can last for years • No symptoms • Transmitted by ingestion of contaminated water or food • Is not “uncommon” in tropics and arctics • Amoeba usually remains in the gastrointestinal tract of the hosts • All people have the potential of becoming infected • Filtration is the most practical method for recovery

  10. African Sleeping Sickness • Caused by Trypanosomiasis • Can be contracted in Western and Central Africa • Is caused through the bite of an infected fly (tsetse) • If left untreated, death will occur • Symptons include: fever, rash, swelling around the eyes, hands, severe headaches, extreme fatigue, aching muscles, etc. • There is no vaccination available • On the average, 20,000 cases are reported each year worldwide

  11. Balantidium Coli • A parasite of many species of animals • Causes diarrhea • Can be infected through contaminated water or food • Locates in the large intestine • Invades the mucosa

  12. Malaria • Leading cause of death and disease in many countries • Passed by mosquitoes from one human to another • Parasites grow and multiply in humans • Symptoms: -fever -chills -sweats -vomiting, nausea • This disease is typically curable • 41% of the world's population is exposed to malaria • Malaria causes more than 300 million episodes of acute illness every year • At least one million deaths occur every year due to malaria.

  13. THANK YOU

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