Understanding Cellular Respiration: Energy Production & Processes

1. What happens to all that glucose that was made in photosynthesis? Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration

2. How does your body tell you that you are hungry? Shakes Gets sleepy Growling tummy

3. FOOD! • Serves as a source of raw material for cells to make new molecules • Provides ENERGY

4. 9.1 Cellular Respiration • A process that releases energy by breaking down glucose & other food molecules with oxygen present

5. Photosynthesis Equation C6H12O6 6 CO2 + 6 H20 6 O2 + Respiration equation its the exact reverse!

6. 3 Stages of AEROBIC (with oxygen) Respiration Click Me! 1) Glycolysis 2) Kreb's Cycle 3) Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

7. Cellular Respiration Here, your body makes ATP * is like going to work... to use whenever you need energy! You go to work to make money! Then you save the $$ for your future! Remember me??

8. #1 Glycolysis • Occurs in the cytoplasm of cells • Glucose (6- Carbons) is split… • Into 2 pyruvic acid (3- Carbon compound) molecules • 2 ATP molecules are used to ultimately make 4 ATP molecules • How many ATP’s will we end up making? 2

9. PYRUVIC ACID Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvic acids… so 6 carbon, 6 oxygen, and 8 hydrogen. What’s missing? Let’s do some counting! I’m a 3-carbon molecule! 3 carbons 3 Oxygens 4 Hydrogens

10. 4 Hydrogens are missing!!! An NAD+ (electron carrier) molecule takes 2 high energy electrons (Hydrogens) NAD+ becomes NADH A total of 2 NADH are made in glycolysis Glycolysis- Part DEUX

11. Let's Review! Glycolysis • There are 3 stages of aerobic cellular respiration _________, _________ and ________________. • Glycolysis starts with a _________ molecule and ends with 2 _________ acids and 2 electron carriers called ________ • Glycolysis also uses 2 ATP's to get started, but produces ____ so we get ____ overall. Kreb's Cycle Electron Transport Chain glucose pyruvic NADH 4 2

12. After glycolysis, before Kreb's • 2 pyruvic acid molecules are broken down into a 2-carbon molecule called Acetyl-CoA • 2 CO2 are released • And 2 NADH molecules are formed • 2 Acetyl-CoA enter the Kreb’s cycle

14. Occurs in the mitochondria Acetyl-CoA is broken down to produce 4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2 and 2 ATP 9.2 The Krebs Cycle

16. Every time you exhale you are releasing Carbon dioxide. This is a byproduct of the Krebs cycle. Your cells use the ATP created for cellular activities.

17. Electron Transport Chain • Electrons (hydrogen atoms) are passed from their carriers (NADH & FADH2) along the electron transport chain • This produces 32 ATP • At the end of the chain oxygen is the final hydrogen acceptor producing _________

18. Graphic goes here Courtney

19. Cellular Respiration Tally How much energy does cellular respiration produce??? 1) Glycolysis: Produces 2 ATP per Glucose 2) Krebs Cycle =2ATP 3) Electron Transport Chain: 32 ATP molecules per Glucose Grand Total = 36 ATP

20. That’s more efficient than your car!!!

21. Instead of pyruvic acid entering the mitochondria, fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm It is known an anaerobic respiration There are 2 types: Alcoholic Lactic Acid 9.1 What happens if oxygen is not available after glycolysis???

22. Aerobic • Anaerobic-fermentation

23. Alcoholic Fermentation • Yeasts form ethyl alcohol and CO2 as waste products. • Why does bread dough rise? • What happens to the alcohol? It evaporates when you cook it!

24. Pyruvic acid + NADH yields alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ • NOTICE! No more ATP production!

25. Lactic Acid Fermentation • In many cells the pyruvic acid that accumulates can be converted into lactic acid. • Pyruvic acid + NADH yields lactic acid + NADH+ • NOTICE! No more ATP production!

26. What causes your body to be sore after physical activity??? Get outta my way DONKEY!

27. Unicellular organisms produce lactic acid too! • Prokaryotes are used in the production of foods like cheese, yogurt, sour cream, and pickles • What’s a prokaryote dude?

28. Aerobic Anerobic