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Character String Manipulation

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This guide provides an in-depth overview of character string manipulation functions in C, focusing on key functions such as `sscanf()`, `sprintf()`, `strcpy()`, `strlen()`, and more. It covers how to convert strings to numerical values, append strings, search for characters, and extract tokens. The usage of `sscanf()` and `sprintf()` is exemplified with practical coding examples that show how to input, process, and format string data efficiently while highlighting the importance of memory management. Improve your coding skills and understanding of string handling in C!

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Character String Manipulation

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  1. Character String Manipulation

  2. Overview • Character string functions • sscanf() function • sprintf() function

  3. Some Character String Functions double atof(const char *string); - Converts string into a floating point value int atoi(const char *string); - Converts string into an int value char *strcat(char *s1, const char *s2); - Appends s2 onto the end of s1char *strchr(const char *s, int c); - Searches for first occurrence of c in sint strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2); - Compares s1 to s2char *strcpy(char *s1, const char *s2); - Copies s2 onto s1size_t strlen(const char *s); - Returns the number of characters in schar *strstr(const char *s1, const char *s2); - Searches for s2 in s1 char *strtok(char *s1, const char *s2); - Extracts tokens from string s1 based on token separators in s2

  4. sscanf() Function • #include <stdio.h>int sscanf(const char *buffer, const char *format, …); • The sscanf() function is identical to scanf() except that data is read from the array pointed to by buffer rather than stdin • The return value is equal to the number of variables that were actually assigned values • A value of zero means that no fields were assigned any values

  5. sprintf() Function • #include <stdio.h>int sprintf(char *buffer, const char *format, …); • The sprintf() function is identical to printf() except that the output is put into the array pointed to by buffer instead of being written to stdout • The array pointed to by buffer should be null terminated • The return value is equal to the number of characters actually placed into the array • The sprintf() function provides no bounds checking on the array pointed to by buffer

  6. Example use of strcpy(), sscanf() and sprintf() #include <stdio.h> #define MAX_LENGTH 50 int main(void) { char stringA[MAX_LENGTH]"; char stringB[MAX_LENGTH]; int count; float costPerItem; int binNbr; char name[MAX_LENGTH]; float totalCost; (More on next slide)

  7. Example use strcpy(), sscanf() and sprintf() strcpy(stringA, "103 67.4 35bottle“); sscanf(stringA, "%d %f %d%s", &count, &costPerItem, &binNbr, name); fprintf(stderr, "Input data: %d %.2f %d %s\n\n", count, costPerItem, binNbr, name); totalCost = count * costPerItem; sprintf(stringB, "%d %s items * $ %.2f per %s = $ %.2f", count, name, costPerItem, name, totalCost); printf("Computation for Bin # %d:\n %s\n", binNbr, stringB); return 0; } // End main

  8. Sample output Input data: 103 67.40 35 bottle Computation for Bin # 35: 103 bottle items * $ 67.40 per bottle = $ 6942.20

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