Classification

1. Classification Topic 5.5

2. Assessment Statements 5.5.1Outline the binomial system of nomenclature. 5.5.2 List seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa—kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species—using an example from two different kingdoms for each level. 5.5.3 Distinguish between the following phyla of plants, using simple external recognition features: bryophyta, filicinophyta, coniferophyta and angiospermophyta. 5.5.4 Distinguish between the following phyla of animals, using simple external recognition features: porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, annelida, mollusca and arthropoda. 5.5.5 Apply and design a key for a group of up to eight organisms.

3. binomial nomenclature • ‘bi’ means two, ‘nomial’ means name, and ‘nomenclature’ refers to a system used to name things • Can you guess the common name of this animal? • Myrmecophaga tridactyla • Which means ‘eater of ants’ + ‘with three fingers’ • Giant anteater of Central and South America • 1st name is always capitalized and refers to genus • 2nd name always begins with a small letter and refers to the species • Both are always written in italics (typed) or underlined (handwritten)

4. Carolus (Carl) Linnaeus • Systema Naturae listed and explained the binomial system of nomenclature for species which had been brought to him from all over the world • Reasons for putting living organisms into groups: • Trying to make sense of biosphere • Showing evolutionary links • Predicting characteristics shared by members of a group • Pill bug and woodlouse (Armadillidium vulgare) What is one international advantage of the binomial nomenclature system?

5. Levels of organization then and now • 1st organization: plants and animals • Now there are 5 kingdoms: • Plantae • Animalia • Fungi • Protoctista • Prokaryotae

6. seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa (subdivisions) • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species • How will you remember the order of these taxa? • King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup Other examples

7. Other methods of classifying • Feeding habits • Habitat • Daily activity • Risk • Anatomy

8. Bryophyta Filicinophyta Coniferophyta Angiospermophyta Distinguish between the following phyla of plants, using simple external recognition features:

9. To distinguish between these four phyla, divide them into two categories of characteristics. Use a table to display the information you find.

11. Porifera • Simple marine animals • Sessile • Feed by pumping water their tissues to filter out food • No mouths or digestive tracts • No muscle • No nervous tissue • No distinct internal organs

12. Cnidaria • Have stinging cells called nematocysts • Some sessile, others free-swimming, some can be both • Have a gastric pouch with only one opening

13. Platyhelminthes • Have a gut with one opening for food to enter and waste to exit • No heart or lungs • Exchange gases by diffusion • Includes tapeworm which can infest mammalian intestines

14. Annelida • Segmented worms • Bodies are divided up into sections separated by rings • Have bristles on their bodies • Have a gastric tract with a mouth at one end and the intestines have an opening at the other end where wastes are released

15. Mollusca • Many produce a shell using calcium • Usually has a muscular foot • One way digestive tract

16. Arthropoda • Hard exoskeleton made of chitin • Segmented bodies • Jointed limbs

17. Using a dichotomous key • Look at first pair of sentences describing a characteristic • Look at the organism to see if the particular characteristic described in the first line is present • If yes, then go to the end of the line and follow the number given; If no, go to the second statement end of line and follow the number given • Keep going until the end of the line has a name instead of a number