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Europe Faces Revolution

Chapter 24 Section 2. Europe Faces Revolution. Key Terms. Conservative Liberal Radical Nationalism Nation-state The Balkans Louis-Napoleon Alexander II . Clash of Philosophies. Conservative-usually wealthy property owners and nobility argued to protect traditional monarchies

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Europe Faces Revolution

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  1. Chapter 24 Section 2 Europe Faces Revolution

  2. Key Terms • Conservative • Liberal • Radical • Nationalism • Nation-state • The Balkans • Louis-Napoleon • Alexander II

  3. Clash of Philosophies • Conservative-usually wealthy property owners and nobility argued to protect traditional monarchies • Liberal-middle class business leaders and merchants, give more power to elected parliament only wealthy landowners could vote

  4. Clash of Philosophies • Radical- favored drastic change to extend democracy to all people • Government should practice ideals of French Revolution

  5. Nationalism Develops • The belief that people’s royalty should not be to king or empire but to a nation of people • Blurs the lines of the three political theories • Nation-state- has its own independent government

  6. Nationalism Develops • 1815 only France England and Spain • Most people who believed in nationalism were liberals or radicals • Middle class lawyers, teachers and business people • Germany people wanted to unite • Austrian empire wanted to split

  7. Nationalists Challenge Conservative Power • Greeks the first to win self rule • Ottomans controlled the Balkans • Region that includes all of present day Greece and several other countries • 1821 Greeks rebel

  8. Greeks Gain Independence • Most powerful governments opposed revolution • Greeks was popular with people around the world • Educated Europeans and Americans respected their culture • Russia connected through the church

  9. Greeks Gain Independence • 1827 combined British, French and Russian fleet destroyed the Ottoman fleet • 1830 Britain, France and Russia sign a peace treaty guaranteeing Greek independence

  10. 1830 Uprisings Crushed • 1830’s the old order was breaking down • Revolutions were sweeping across Europe • October 1830 Belgians declare independence • Italy nationalists worked to unite several states

  11. 1830 Uprisings Crushed • Metternich sent Austrian troops to restore order • Poles living in Russia staged a revolt in Warsaw • Russian troops took a year to crush a rebellion • End of 1830’s Old Order was restored

  12. 1848 Revolutions Fail to Unite • 1848 ethic uprisings erupted in Europe • Metternich resigned liberal uprisings broke out • Budapest Louis Kossuth called for a parliament and self-government • Prague, Czech liberals demanded Bohemian independence

  13. 1848 Revolutions Fail to Unite • European politics continued to seesaw • Revolutionaries failed to unite themselves or nations • 1849 Europe returned to convservatism

  14. Radicals Change France • After Louis XVII died Charles X inherited the throne • 1830 Charles suspend the legislature • People revolt • Charles abdicates and flees to London

  15. Radicals Change France • News of revolution gets to Metternich • “My life’s work is destroyed.” • His reactionary ideals and absolute monarchies were crumbling • Metternich feared revolution would spread through the continent

  16. The Third Republic • Louis Philippe took over a constitutional monarchy • Was an aristocrat and popular with the middle class • Called the citizen because he wore regular clothes • Called the citizen king

  17. The Third Republic • He increased the number of voters • Limited freedom of the press • Rule became increasingly repressive • Silenced those who opposed him

  18. The Third Republic • Third Republic made some important reforms • 1882 made primary education available for children 6-13 • 1884 trade unions legalized • 1900 working hours reduced • 1906 new act required employers to give employees off one day a week

  19. France Accepts a Strong Ruler • Sparked by a ban of a banquet planned by reformers • Louis Philippe quickly abdicated • Citizens formed a new government • Voters elected Napoleon’s nephew

  20. France Accepts a Strong Ruler • 1870 Napoleon drew Prussia into war • Napoleon III was captured and surrendered to the Prussians • French Assembly deposed him • Prussians invaded France and laid siege to Paris

  21. Reforms in Russia • 1800’s Russia still not industrialized • 1820’s most Russian’s thought serfdom must end • Prevented the empire from improving economically • Freeing them angers the landowners who the czar needed support to stay in power

  22. Defeat Brings Change • 1853 Czar Nicholas threatened to take over part of Ottoman Empire in the Crimean War • Russia’s industry and transportation failed to provide adequate supplies for the troops • Russia lost the war in 1856

  23. Defeat Brings Change • Alexander II moves Russia towards modernization • Reforms would make Russia a world power • 1861 Alexander frees the serfs • Nobles kept half the land • Peasant communities the other half

  24. Reform and Reaction • Each community had 49 years to pay back the government for the land • Debt still tied them to the land • Alexander III tightened control • Encourage industrial development • Nationalism stirred ethnic feelings

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