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Sexuality and Reproduction

Sexuality and Reproduction. Was there a Victorian Era in Latin America?

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Sexuality and Reproduction

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  1. Sexuality and Reproduction • Was there a Victorian Era in Latin America? • Definition: “Victorianism was a 19th century cultural movement associated with middle-class culture.  The dominant cultures of Great Britain and the United States in the 19th century put a good deal of emphasis on refinement, propriety, restraint, and sexual prudishness. This cultural phenomenon, although named for England's Queen Victoria, may have actually been stronger in the United States, where the middle classes were larger and more dominant in society.”

  2. Estimates of the Middle Class in Latin America • Size of the middle class dependent upon several factors: rate of urbanization, level of education • Strength of Catholic Church • Access to ideals of Victorianism: • Novels • Fashion • Notions of health • Attitudes towards sexuality • Other communication media

  3. Photographs of Latin America—A Peruvian elite woman, 1915

  4. Cuzco , Peru, 1934

  5. Mantuanas, Peru

  6. Man from the Coast, Mexico

  7. Mexican Revolution Fresco, Diego Rivera

  8. How did Latin Americans react to notions of sexuality? • Position of the Catholic Church • Role of European ideologies, especially anarchism—belief in free love, opposed to both religious and state imposed marriage • Ideals of respectability: Impact of class, race and ethnicity • How can you demand Victorian propriety when poor often have to sell their clothing to feed the family? • Climatic differences between Europe and parts of Latin America made heavy clothing a burden and expensive • How could low marriage rates be defined as a Victorian ideal?

  9. How did new ideas about sexuality evolve? • Science Many early feminists were physicians, specializing in gynecology. Brought new information to women about child raising and maternal health care—called puericultura Aided by public health physicians interested in lowering infant mortality rates

  10. Other Ways to Learn about Sexuality • Reading Novels, Comic Books • Invention of modern cosmetics • Postcards, particularly from France • Travel and observation • Feminist campaigns • Introduction of the cinema-1920s onward • Beauty Pageants • Television

  11. Bolivia, Fertility Rates

  12. Mexico, Fertility Rates

  13. Cuba, Fertility Rates

  14. Male sexual patterns affect female fertility

  15. Male Contraceptive Needs

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