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Introduction to Basic Principles

This overview introduces the fundamental principles and various types of level measurement instruments used across industries. It covers traditional methods such as sticks and sounding tapes, mechanical floats, and modern techniques like capacitance, hydrostatic pressure, radar, and sonar. We delve into their applications, working principles, and typical sensors, including important calculations for pressure, volume, and calibration. Additionally, we explore the 4-20mA signal standard, its benefits for long-distance transmission with minimal signal loss, and essential filtration techniques, including coalescing filters and desiccant dryers for air purity.

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Introduction to Basic Principles

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  1. Introduction to Basic Principles

  2. Types of Level Measurement • A STICK/SOUNDING TAPE/SITE GLASS • MECHANICAL FLOATS • CAPACITANCE • HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE • RADAR/SONAR

  3. Typical Level Sensors

  4. Hydrostatic Pressure • PRESSURE-FORCE/AREA • Water Column • Density and Specific Gravity • P=h*SG/27.68 • Sensor Ranging

  5. Pressure vs Volume

  6. Pressure is a function of height Volume is a function of shape

  7. Scale Calculations Dimensions Calibrations Sounding Chart Application nData Sheet

  8. 4-20mA Basics • Can be run long distances with minimal loss ~1,000 ft+ • Varying impedance or supply voltage will not affect the signal. • Low electromagnetic susceptibility • Only requires 2 wires to operate

  9. Typical 4-20mA Loop

  10. Remote Indicator Loop

  11. KING Filters • Single stage or dual stage • Main Line or Point of use • Polisher Selection • Scrubber Selection

  12. Coalescing Filtration • Compressed air enters • Travels through filter media • Oil and water attach to fibers • Grow into droplets and fall off into bowl • Replace elements yearly or as needed

  13. King’s Outside to Inside Flow • More surface area for particulate • Nozzle shaped outlet for better discharge

  14. Removing Oil/Water Vapor • Using desiccants to remove vapor through adsorption

  15. Desiccant Dryers • Compressed air passes through an adsorbent media (desiccant) such as activated charcoal, silica gel, or molecular sieve.

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