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Lesson 13. Day 1. Words with suffixes –able, - ible , - ness , - ment , and -less. Discuss the meanings of the spelling words. Sometimes when a suffix is added, the letter before the suffix changes. Example: like - e + able = likable Example: silly – y + i + ness = silliness .
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Words with suffixes –able, -ible, -ness, -ment, and -less • Discuss the meanings of the spelling words. • Sometimes when a suffix is added, the letter before the suffix changes. • Example: like - e + able = likable • Example: silly – y + i + ness = silliness
Listening Comprehension • Genre – personal narrative • describes a real event the author experienced • told in first person point of view • This story is a real-life survival story. • This story was written by a firefighter who was saved from a dangerous forest fire. • When you listen to a personal narrative, you should pay attention to what was special about the experience. • Purpose: To find out how the narrator survived the fire. • Good readers read aloud with expression and let their voices show the feelings of the characters.
Why were the firefighters in such extreme danger? Wind had whipped the flames into a firestorm. The firefighters didn’t know which way to go. An inferno is a very, very hot fire. Why do you think the mineshaft offered the only hope for survival? The mineshaft was under the ground, where the fire couldn’t go far.
How did the firefighters survive? • “Big Ed” Pulaski ordered them to go into a mineshaft, and then he fought to keep the fire from harming them. • Do you think the firefighters would have made it without Edward Pulaski? Why or why not? • No. They were lost, and the fire was all around them. • This week’s story is about how one family survived a firestorm.
Read page 340 • When an author does not explain everything in a story, use story details and what you know to draw conclusions about the story. • Drawing conclusions helps you understand what the story is about.
Use text clues and your knowledge to draw a conclusion. • We heard loud thunder close by. • Tom was soaking wet when he walked in the door. • Why was Tom wet?
Read page 341 • Think aloud: The paragraph says that Maya cleared away dead leaves from the roof. If you know that dry, dead leaves can easily catch on fire, you can draw the conclusion that Maya was working to protect her home from fire. • Identify another thing Maya did that supports the conclusion that she was protecting her home from fire.
Comprehension Strategy: Read Ahead • Good readers monitor their comprehension while they read. • Then a good readers becomes confused, they use a strategy to clear up their confusion. • You can read ahead to see if something that confuses you is explained later in the text. • Sometimes the meaning of an unfamiliar word or phrase appears near the word or phrase. • A story event that seems confusing may be explained later in the text.
The word conflagration is unfamiliar. In the next sentence, Lisa gave a sigh of relief because she saw only a small plume of smoke and the fire was still small. These clues suggest that a conflagration is a large fire. Read 1st paragraph. Read 2nd paragraph. What is a satchel? The 3rd sentence contains the phrase “shoulder bag,” which explains what a satchel is.
Background Knowledge • In this week’s story, you will read a story about a family who witnesses a forest fire. • Share what you know about forest fires.
Develop Concepts • Some forest fires are started by lightning strikes; others are started by careless people. • Fires need fuel, such as dry leaves and twigs, and oxygen. • They spread where there is fuel to burn. • Strong wind makes fires burn hotter and pushes them in the direction the wind is blowing. • Forest fires burn everything in their paths. • They can also harm animals and people.
Which weather is more treacherous – a gentle rainstorm or a harsh blizzard? Why? What everyday chore feels like drudgery to you? What do you do after you plunge into a swimming pool? If you see a smoldering ember in an old campfire, should you pick it up? Why or why not? If you altered the way the furniture in your classroom is arranged, describe what you would be doing. If your friend scoffed about a team’s chances of winning, how did your friend feel? Would you think skeptically about cows climbing trees or about cows eating grass? Explain. Would you be discouraged if someone told you that you had won a prize? Why or why not?
Read page 342 • Why were the ruins smoldering? • Why did the firefighters plunge into the burning buildings? • What kinds of treacherous conditions might cause buildings to be closed?
Read page 343 • If the townspeople shook their heads skeptically about their task, how did they feel about it? • How had the fire altered the downtown area? • What made the townspeople feel discouraged? • Why might some people have scoffed at the idea of rebuilding? • Do you think that the townspeople felt that the drudgery was wroth it? Why or why not?
Read the Story • Discuss • About the Author and Illustrator • Thinking Critically
Read pages 358-361 • Compare text questions page 362. • Writing prompt page 363 • Read checklist • Use graphic organizer
Vocabulary Review • Do you think that is would be dangerous for Axel to plunge into a treacherous current? Why? • Does kayaking seem like drudgery to Axel? Explain. • In the story, what sparked a smoldering fire? • Why do Axel’s aunt and uncle feel discouraged by the fire? • Why does Axel respond skeptically when his uncle says that the forest would grow back and be healthier? • Did Axel believe his aunt and uncle when he scoffed and said, “Tell me about it”? Explain. • How was the forest altered by the fire storm?
Draw Conclusions • Authors do not always explain everything in stories; readers must figure out some things for themselves. • To draw conclusions: • Use the information given in the story. • Recall what you already know from real life about this situation. • Put these things together to understand what is happening in the story.
Page 354: Why didn’t Axel and his aunt and uncle start down the river early in the morning? • It was too dangerous at that time. • What story information did you use to draw this conclusion? • They couldn’t see the river early because of smoke. When the air cleared, they left. • What knowledge from real life did you use? • It’s dangerous to travel when you can’t see where you’re going.
Plot: Conflict and Resolution • Conflict and resolution are elements that are common to all story plots. • The conflict is the main problem the character faces. • The resolution is the solution to the problem. • Understanding conflict and resolution can help you understand the plot of the story. • Think aloud: In this week’s story, the conflict is that a huge forest fire threatens the lives of Axel and his aunt and uncle. The conflict is resolved when Axel finds a place to camp where the fire can’t harm them.
Vocabulary Review • Would it be easy or difficult to lose your footing on a treacherous path? Why? • How could you relieve the drudgery of moppign a floor? • Why might it be dangerous to plunge into a situation? • What would you do if you found an abandoned campfire that was still smoldering? • Have you ever altered your hair-style? Why or why not? • How would you feel if a friend scoffed at something you said? • Give an example of something you would respond to skeptically. • Would a family member be discouraged if you did very well in history class? Why or why not?
Predict Outcomes • As good readers read stories, they think about what has happened so far and about what might happen next. • Look for story clues about what events may happen next in a story or what actions a character may take next. • Think about what you already know from real life and what you know about the character or situation. • Use both the story clues and what you already know to make predictions about what might happen next in a story.
Read 1st paragraph. Think Aloud: The story says that Ramona lost her paddle when her kayak was tossed around in the rapids. In real life, a small boat can’t be steered without a paddle. One outcome might be that Ramona will lose control of her kayak. Read 2nd paragraph. What outcome did you predict after reading paragraph 2? What story information did you use to predict this outcome? What knowledge from real life did you use? Ramona will jump out of the kayak and try to float or swim to shore. Ramona said that she didn’t want to be in a boat she couldn’t steer; she wasn’t too far from the shore. If conditions are safe, a person could swim or float to the shore.
Decoding • darkness • How many syllables and where would you divide it? • 2; dark/ness • Identify the suffix. • -ness • Identify the root word. • dark
reasonable • How many syllables and where would you divide it? • 4; rea/son/a/ble • Identify the suffix. • -able • Identify the root word. • reason
Add a suffix to the end of the following words to make a spelling word.
Add a suffix and change the ending of the following words to make a spelling word.
Identify the suffix and base word in the spelling words. • What letter does the base word end with? • If the base word ends in a consonant, there is no spelling change. • If the base word ends in y, the y changes to i. • If the base word ends with a vowel, the vowel is dropped.
Vocabulary Review • Why would it be treacherous to stand near a volcanic eruption? • Could you plunge into the ocean and swim to its depths? Explain. • If a log is smoldering, is it burning quickly or gradually? Explain. • How would you feel if someone scoffed at a drawing you revealed? • Would you respond skeptically if someone said that a sponge will contract when it gets wet? Explain. • Would you enjoy the constant drudgery of washing dishes at a restaurant? Explain. • Would you be discouraged if someone gave an immediate “no” to a request? Explain. • How would a mountain be altered after a volcanic eruption?
